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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Monetary Policy Committee holds repo rate at 5.5%, retains 6.5% GDP growth outlook, pegs inflation at 3.1%

• The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has kept the policy repo rate unchanged at 5.50%.
• The Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate remains at 5.25%, and the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and Bank Rate are maintained at 5.75%.
• This decision aligns with the objective of achieving a medium-term CPI inflation target of 4% ±2% while supporting growth.

Key Highlights :

GDP Growth Projections (2025–26)

• Real GDP growth projection retained at 6.5% for FY 2025-26.
  • Q1: 6.5%
  • Q2: 6.7%
  • Q3: 6.6%
  • Q4: 6.3%
• Q1 of 2026–27: projected at 6.6%
• Risks are evenly balanced

Inflation Outlook (CPI)

• CPI inflation projected at 3.1% for 2025–26, revised down from 3.7% (June 2025).
  • Q2: 2.1%
  • Q3: 3.1%
  • Q4: 4.4%
• Q1 of 2026–27: projected at 4.9%
• Core inflation to remain moderately above 4%
• Weather-related shocks and volatile food prices, especially vegetables, pose upside risks to inflation.

Key Quotes from RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra

• India’s economy has bright medium-term prospects due to strong fundamentals and comfortable buffers.
• The RBI is taking a multi-pronged and cohesive approach to policymaking.
• Inflation is currently low mainly due to favourable base effects and benign food prices, but may rise again by Q4 FY26.
• Global challenges: advanced economies face sticky inflation, muted growth, and elevated debt levels.
• RBI’s actions have led to accelerated monetary policy transmission in the current easing cycle.

MPC Stance & Strategy

• MPC unanimously voted to keep the repo rate unchanged.
• The current policy reflects a neutral stance.
• MPC will closely monitor inflation-growth dynamics and incoming data before making further decisions.
• RBI awaits full transmission of the 100 bps rate cut since February 2025.

Recent News :

• In July 2025, The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) proposed creating a Financial Conditions Index (FCI) for India with daily frequency to enhance real-time monitoring of the country’s financial health.

About RBI:

• Established : 1 April 1935
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Governor : Sanjay Malhotra

Bank of India becomes first Indian bank to get Standardization Testing and Quality Certification for official website

• Bank of India (BOI) has become the first bank in India to receive Standardization Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) for its official website.
• This reflects the bank’s commitment to digital accessibility and inclusive banking.

The certification complies with:

• Department of Financial Services (DFS)
• Guidelines for Indian Government Websites & Apps (GIGW 3.0).
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1).
• Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.
• The website is designed to be barrier-free, supporting access for persons with diverse disabilities.
• STQC certification was awarded on 22nd July 2025 by Shri M. Vellaipandi, Director General, STQC Directorate.

The event was attended by:

• Rajneesh Karnatak, Managing Director & CEO.
• Shri Rajiv Mishra, Executive Director.
• Shri Sudhiranjan Padhi, Chief General Manager & CIO.
• Shri Satyendra Singh, General Manager & CTO.
• This move is aligned with the broader vision of accessible and citizen-friendly digital platforms in India.

About Bank of India:

• Founded: 1906
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Managing Director & CEO: Rajneesh Karnatak
• Tagline: “Relationships Beyond Banking”

Securities and Exchange Board of India opens innovation sandbox for proposals on fractional share trading

• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has approved a startup’s proposal to test fractional share trading in its innovation sandbox — a potential shift in India’s equity market.
• This is a reversal from 2021, when SEBI rejected a similar proposal over custody concerns.
• Fractional shares let investors buy/trade portions of a share, unlike traditional whole unit trading.
• This model is already popular in the US.

Key Highlights :

• Xaults, a Bengaluru-based startup, joined SEBI’s innovation sandbox in August 2025 to pilot fractional share trading.
• Full-scale live testing will occur only if SEBI upgrades Xaults to the regulatory sandbox.
• Xaults also plans to test smart contract-based trade settlements with clearing corporations.
• A specific depository will be designated if SEBI moves the firm forward.

Background & Legal Framework

• In January 2021, Zerodha and StockHissa proposed a model involving a holding entity, but SEBI rejected it due to regulatory and structural issues:
  • Transfers could only be to/from the holding entity.
  • Brokers cannot hold shares as principals under current SEBI rules.
• Legal experts say amendments to the Companies Act, 2013 by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) are essential to allow fractional shares in dematerialised form.
• The Company Law Committee (2022) recommended allowing issuance and transfer of fractional shares.
• In 2023, SEBI’s then-chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch supported the concept but stressed the need for legal amendments to both:
  • SEBI Act
  • Companies Act

Recent News :

• In July 2025, The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)has barred United States (US)-based proprietary trading firm Jane Street and its affiliates from participating in Indian securities markets.

About SEBI :

• Established : 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Chairman : Tuhin Kanta Pandey
• SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), GoI.

New cooperative policy proposes creation of apex bank for the sector

• The New National Cooperative Policy proposes setting up an apex cooperative bank to strengthen coordination among various tiers of cooperative financial institutions.
• The move aims to preserve the existing three-tier credit structure:
• Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS) – operate at village/panchayat
• District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs) – operate at the district
• State Cooperative Banks – function at the state

Key Highlights :

Objective of the apex bank:

• Enhance collaboration.
• Enable capacity building, professionalism, and business opportunities.
• Provide support while ensuring affordable credit.

Regulatory structure:

• RBI regulates cooperative banking institutions.
• Non-banking cooperative societies (like thrift credit societies) fall under the respective State Registrar of Cooperatives.
• The policy was launched by Union Home and Cooperative Minister Amit Shah.

Additional Policy Measures

• Formation of a task force to:
  • Study challenges faced by cooperative credit institutions (PACS, DCCBs, Agricultural & Rural Development Banks, Land Development Banks).
  • Recommend solutions, especially regarding long-term credit and deposit growth of DCCBs.
• The policy does not change the authority for registration of cooperatives:
  • States retain power for state cooperatives.
  • The centre retains power for multi-state cooperatives.

Cooperative Sector in India – Key Data

• India has over 800,000 cooperative societies, comprising:
  • Around 200,000 credit cooperatives.
  • Around 600,000 non-credit cooperatives.
• Non-credit cooperatives operate in sectors like:
  • Housing, dairy, labour, sugar, consumer, marketing, fisheries, textiles, services, processing, and hospitals.
• The cooperative sector serves around 300 million members.
  • PACS alone have over 130 million members across the country.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

American President Donald Trump hikes tariffs on India to 50%, grants 21-day negotiation window

• On August 6, 2025, US President Donald Trump announced a doubling of tariffs on Indian goods to 50%, citing India’s import of Russian oil.
• A 21-day negotiation window has been offered before the additional 25% duty (on top of the existing 25%) becomes effective.
• The White House stated this was necessary due to a national emergency stemming from Russia’s actions in Ukraine.
• Effective date: The additional 25% ad valorem duty will apply for goods entered for consumption on or after September 17, 2025 (21 days after the order).

Key Highlights :

Impact on India

• India faces a competitive disadvantage compared to Vietnam, Bangladesh, and China, which are subject to lower US tariffs.
• About 50% of India’s $80 billion exports to the US (mainly pharma and electronics) are exempted from the tariff hike.
• However, 55% of India’s exports to the US will be directly affected, according to FIEO President S.C. Ralhan.
• Indian exporters, especially MSMEs, are unable to absorb the 50% tariffs, leading to order cancellations and the risk of losing clients.

India’s Response and Strategic Concerns

• India has called the move “unjustified and unreasonable” and pledged to safeguard its “national interests and economic security.”
• India is the second-largest buyer of Russian oil, importing just under 2 million barrels/day, after China (~2 million barrels/day).
• Despite China buying $62.6 billion of Russian oil in 2024 (vs. India’s $52.7 billion), the US has not imposed similar tariffs on China, due to:China’s control over critical materials (gallium, germanium, rare earths, graphite), Strategic dependencies of the US tech and defence sectors.

Global and Political Implications

• The EU imported $39.1 billion worth of Russian goods in 2024, including $25.2 billion in oil, and the US itself imported $3.3 billion in strategic materials — yet India is being singled out.
• According to Evan A. Feigenbaum of Carnegie Endowment, this may damage India-US relations, as the US is unwilling to lower sectoral tariffs on Indian goods like steel and automobiles.
• The 25%+25% tariff on Indian goods could result in a 40–50% drop in India’s US-bound exports, creating a significant hit to trade and diplomacy.

China unveils stealthy ‘wolf robots’ as part of military modernisation drive

• China has unveiled “wolf robots”, part of its military modernisation, designed to approach and neutralise targets stealthily.
• These robotic systems were displayed during a People’s Liberation Army (PLA) drill in 2025 and were first introduced at Airshow China 2024 in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province.

Key Highlights :

Features and Capabilities

• The wolf robot is a 70-kg utility quadrupedal robot developed by South Industries Group Corporation.
• Key capabilities include:
  • Neutralising targets
  • Conducting reconnaissance missions
  • Transporting equipment
  • Providing battlefield support
• It has high mobility and adaptability in complex terrains, such as urban areas, high-altitude plateaus, and mountainous regions.
• These robots can operate in coordinated formations, creating networks between human operators, vehicles, and other robot wolves.
• The wolf robots could be more effective than aerial drones in certain combat scenarios.

Operational Deployment

• In the recent PLA drill, wolf robots were publicly displayed for the first time, coordinating with drones to perform:
  • Combat operations
  • Target neutralisation
  • Reconnaissance missions

About China:

• Capital: Beijing
• Currency: Renminbi (CNY)
• President: Xi Jinping

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL & STATE

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in Consultation with Ministry of Ayush Releases Definitive List of Ayurveda Aahara Products under Category A

• The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), in consultation with the Ministry of Ayush, has released a definitive list of Ayurvedic food items under the “Ayurveda Aahara” category.
• The list aligns with the Food Safety and Standards (Ayurveda Aahara) Regulations, 2022, which recognise foods based on recipes, ingredients, and processes from authoritative Ayurvedic texts.
• The list is issued under Note (1) of Schedule B of the regulations and is based on classical texts listed in Schedule A.
• The initiative provides clarity and authenticity to both consumers and Food Business Operators (FBOs).
• FSSAI has created a system where FBOs can request inclusion of additional Category A products, with references from texts in Schedule A.

Government & Expert Endorsements

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during World Food India 2023, highlighted India’s sustainable food culture and the connection of Ayurveda with traditional food practices.
• Shri Prataprao Jadhav, Minister of State (IC), Ministry of Ayush & MoHFW, urged citizens to adopt Ayurveda Aahara for long-term health benefits, including:
  • Boosting immunity
  • Supporting digestion
  • Preventive healthcare
• Shri Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Secretary, Ministry of Ayush, called this move a pivotal step in blending traditional knowledge with modern regulations and improving consumer trust.
• Prof. Sanjeev Sharma, Vice-Chancellor, National Institute of Ayurveda (NIA), said the Ayush Aahara Compendium was developed by curating and validating classical Ayurvedic food formulations.

About Ayurveda Aahara

• Refers to food based on Ayurveda’s holistic dietary principles focusing on:
  • Natural ingredients and herbs
  • Balance and seasonal suitability
  • Nutrition rooted in tradition
• It promotes sustainable living, aligns with preventive health, and is now gaining recognition as a credible nutrition system.

Union Minister of Jal Shakti Shri C R Patil inaugurates C-FLOOD, a Unified Inundation Forecasting System

• Union Minister of Jal Shakti, Shri C. R. Patil, inaugurated C-FLOOD, a Unified Inundation Forecasting System on August 7, 2025, at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.
• Developed jointly by:
  • Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune
  • Central Water Commission (CWC)
    Under the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD & GR), Ministry of Jal Shakti.
• Supported by:
  • Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  • Department of Science and Technology (DST)
    Under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).

About C-FLOOD

• A web-based platform for advance inundation forecasting.
• Provides 2-day advance flood forecasts down to the village level via:
  • Flood inundation maps
  • Water level predictions
• Acts as a decision-support tool for disaster management authorities, integrating flood models from national and regional agencies.

(i) Coverage & Technology

• Currently covers Mahanadi, Godavari, and Tapi river basins.
• Uses 2-D hydrodynamic flood simulation technology.
• Simulations for Mahanadi run on High Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructure at C-DAC Pune.
• Godavari and Tapi models developed by National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) under the National Hydrology Project (NHP).

India Launches a Pioneering India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) to Track States/UTs Progress in EV Transition

• NITI Aayog launched the India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI), a first-of-its-kind tool developed to comprehensively track and benchmark the progress of States and Union Territories (UTs) in achieving their Electric Mobility goals.
• The Report was released by Shri Rajiv Gauba, Member, NITI Aayog in presence of Shri B. V. R. Subrahmanyam, CEO, NITI Aayog.
• The India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) tracks, evaluates and scores all Indian States and UTs out of 100 across 16 indicators under three-core themes:
  • Transport Electrification Progress to capture demand-side adoption
  • Charging Infrastructure Readiness to track allied charging infrastructure development
  • EV Research and Innovation Status: Covers supply-side ecosystem R&D efforts.
• The IEMI enables evaluation across states and union territories, identifying key drivers of success as well as areas requiring targeted interventions.
• The Index aims to inform decision-making, foster healthy competition among states, and promote sharing of best practices.
• The Index underscores the importance of state-level coordination, integrated planning, and cross-sectoral collaboration in achieving India’s electric mobility vision.

All States and UTs Onboarded on eSAKSHI for Real-Time Project Monitoring

• The Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, in collaboration with the State Bank of India, launched the eSAKSHI portal on 1 April 2023 to implement Revised Fund Flow Procedures under the MPLAD Scheme.
• The portal ensures seamless integration of:
  • MP recommendations
  • Sanctioning by District Authority
  • Execution by Implementing Agency
• Key Features:
  • End-to-end digital functionality for all stakeholders
  • Real-time tracking of projects
  • Dashboards, progress reports, customized login
  • Mobile application launched to allow MPs to recommend and monitor works on-the-go
  • Secure verification mechanisms for transparency
• The portal has eliminated the need for physical accounts, improved efficiency, coordination, transparency, and accountability.

i) Stakeholder Engagement and Support

• All States and Union Territories have been onboarded and trained.
• The Ministry regularly conducts:
  • Workshops
  • Webinars
  • Hands-on training sessions
  • Parliament session kiosks (since Monsoon Session 2023)
• Helpdesk support is available during Parliament sessions from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM on working days.
• User manuals and instructional videos are also available on the portal.

ii) Dynamic Review & Continuous Improvement

• The portal undergoes regular updates based on user feedback to ensure smooth and efficient functioning.

iii) Timeline Provisions under MPLADS Guidelines, 2023

• Para 3.2.4:
  • Sanction/rejection by Implementing District Authority must be done within 45 days of MP’s recommendation.
• Para 3.2.12:
  • Work completion time should generally not exceed one year.
  • Exceptions allowed with justification in difficult terrains.
• Para 10.6.1:
  • All sanctioned works must be completed within 18 months from the date the MP demits office.

iv) Monitoring and Accountability

• The Ministry conducts monthly review meetings with States/UTs.
• Regular reports shared include:
  • Works pending sanction beyond 45 days
  • Works not completed even after one year
  • Works with no payments made three months post-sanction

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

S. Radha Chauhan takes over as Chairperson of Capacity Building Commission

• Mr. S. Radha Chauhan has assumed charge as the Chairperson of the Capacity Building Commission (CBC) in New Delhi
• She is a retired IAS officer of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, 1988 batch
• She has held various positions in both State and Central Governments, and is the former Secretary, Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT)
• She succeeds Shri Adil Zainulbhai, who served as Chairman of the CBC since April 2021.

About Capacity Building Commission (CBC)

• The Capacity Building Commission was constituted on 1st April 2021 by the Government of India.
• The Commission is a key institution under Mission Karmayogi, responsible for:
  • Standardisation and harmonisation across the Indian civil services.
  • Acting as the custodian of civil services capacity building reforms.
• It plays a central role in implementing the institutional framework of Mission Karmayogi, which aims to transform Indian bureaucracy for future readiness.

About Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions :

• Minister of State : Jitendra Singh

Karol Nawrocki, pro-MAGA conservative, sworn in as Poland’s President

• Karol Nawrocki, a conservative historian and supporter of Donald Trump’s MAGA movement, was sworn in as President of Poland August 6, 2025.
• He was backed by the nationalist opposition party Law and Justice (PiS).
• His election is a setback to Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s pro-European Union agenda, leaving his centrist government struggling in polls.
• Nawrocki is expected to clash with the centrist government, leading to political deadlock, similar to the tenure of outgoing President Andrzej Duda.
• As President, Nawrocki can veto government policies, including:Reversing judicial reforms made by PiS, which critics claim undermined judicial independence.
• Nawrocki is also likely to propose populist measures such as tax cuts, which could strain Poland’s stretched national budget.
• Nawrocki has opposed Ukraine’s entry into NATO and the EU, a departure from Duda’s position.
• As President, he would have to approve Poland’s ratification of new NATO members — potentially affecting Ukraine’s accession.

About Poland :

• Prime Minister : Donald Tusk
• Capital: Warsaw
• Currency : Złoty

Essar appoints Amit Bajaj as MD and Global Head of Corporate Affairs & Public Policy

• Essar Group has appointed Amit Bajaj as Managing Director (MD) and Global Head of Corporate Affairs & Public Policy.
• Bajaj is a former Aditya Birla Group official, where he served as Senior President – Corporate Affairs.
• He brings over 25 years of experience in:Government relations, Regulatory strategy, Public policy

Role and Responsibilities

• Bajaj will:
  • Oversee global stakeholder engagement
  • Lead policy advocacy aligned with Essar’s long-term growth and sustainability goals
• He is rejoining Essar after more than a decade, having previously held senior roles between 2004 and 2014.
• His familiarity with the group’s operations is expected to strengthen Essar’s global corporate affairs function.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPS & PORTALS

Assam to roll out portal for indigenous people to apply for arms licences

• Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced a dedicated online portal will be launched for indigenous communities living in sensitive areas to apply for arms licences.
• The portal is intended for “original inhabitants or indigenous Indian citizens” who feel vulnerable, especially in border and remote areas.
• The initiative was approved by the Assam State Cabinet on May 28, 2025.

Eligibility & Process

• Only those:
  • Notified by district administration or
  • Assessed as vulnerable by authorised security agencies
  • will be eligible to apply.
• Multi-layered scrutiny process includes:
  • Security assessment
  • Verification and vetting
  • Compliance with arms laws
  • Non-transferability
  • Periodic review and monitoring
• Identified vulnerable and remote areas include:
  • Barpeta, Dhing, Dhubri, Jania, Morigaon, Nagaon, Rupahi, South Salmara-Mankachar
• These areas have a Muslim majority population, many with roots in present-day Bangladesh.

About Assam:

• Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
• Governor: Lakshman Prasad Acharya
• Capital: Dispur
• National Parks: Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, Bura-Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary, Nameri Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Veteran tribal leader and former Jharkhand CM Shibu Soren Passed away

• Shibu Soren, influential tribal leader and three-time Chief Minister of Jharkhand, passed away on 4 August 2025 at the age of 81, after a prolonged illness.
• He was the co-founder of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM), a regional party instrumental in the creation of Jharkhand, a tribal-dominated eastern state.
• Despite becoming Chief Minister of Jharkhand three times, he never completed a full term due to political instability.

About Shibu Soren :

• Born in 1944, he was raised in a small village in present-day Jharkhand, which was then part of Bihar.
• In 1973, he founded Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) to advocate for a separate tribal state from southern Bihar.
• In 2004, he served as Union Coal Minister in the Congress-led government, but resigned after being convicted in a murder case.
• In 2005, he became Chief Minister of Jharkhand but had to resign within 10 days after failing to prove majority support in the State Assembly.

Daily CA on Aug 8 :

• The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has kept the policy repo rate unchanged at 5.50%.
• Bank of India (BOI) has become the first bank in India to receive Standardization Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) for its official website.
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has approved a startup’s proposal to test fractional share trading in its innovation sandbox — a potential shift in India’s equity market.
• The New National Cooperative Policy proposes setting up an apex cooperative bank to strengthen coordination among various tiers of cooperative financial institutions.
• On August 6, 2025, US President Donald Trump announced a doubling of tariffs on Indian goods to 50%, citing India’s import of Russian oil.
• China has unveiled “wolf robots”, part of its military modernisation, designed to approach and neutralise targets stealthily.
• Mr. S. Radha Chauhan has assumed charge as the Chairperson of the Capacity Building Commission (CBC) in New Delhi
• Karol Nawrocki, a conservative historian and supporter of Donald Trump’s MAGA movement, was sworn in as President of Poland August 6, 2025.
• Essar Group has appointed Amit Bajaj as Managing Director (MD) and Global Head of Corporate Affairs & Public Policy.
• Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced a dedicated online portal will be launched for indigenous communities living in sensitive areas to apply for arms licences.
• Shibu Soren, influential tribal leader and three-time Chief Minister of Jharkhand, passed away on 4 August 2025 at the age of 81, after a prolonged illness.
• The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), in consultation with the Ministry of Ayush, has released a definitive list of Ayurvedic food items under the “Ayurveda Aahara”
• Union Minister of Jal Shakti, Shri C. R. Patil, inaugurated C-FLOOD, a Unified Inundation Forecasting System on August 7, 2025, at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.
• NITI Aayog launched the India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI), a first-of-its-kind tool developed to comprehensively track and benchmark the progress of States and Union Territories (UTs) in achieving their Electric Mobility goals.
• The Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, in collaboration with the State Bank of India, launched the eSAKSHI portal on 1 April 2023 to implement Revised Fund Flow Procedures under the MPLAD Scheme.