Daily Current Affairs 10th October 2025 | Latest News | Download PDF

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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Unveils Retail Sandbox for Testing Digital Rupee

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on October 8, 2025, marking a major step in India’s digital financial ecosystem.
• The retail sandbox provides a controlled environment for fintech companies to test and deploy innovative products related to the e-Rupee retail pilot, which was initially launched on December 1, 2022.
• This initiative aims to strengthen India’s position as a global leader in digital currency adoption while offering a regulated space for experimentation in digital payment solutions.
• A sandbox allows for safe testing of new technologies without impacting the broader financial system, helping fintechs build tools that can integrate with the e-Rupee infrastructure, simulate retail transactions, and innovate in payment, settlement, and tokenisation processes.

Key Highlights :

CBDC (e-Rupee) Details

• The retail CBDC sandbox is an extension of the ongoing e-Rupee pilot, which now has around 7 million users across India and is being run in collaboration with major banks.
• The e-Rupee (CBDC) is a digital form of the Indian Rupee, issued and regulated by the RBI, and holds the same value as physical currency.
• The retail e-Rupee is designed for general public use in everyday transactions, while the wholesale version supports interbank settlements and large-scale financial infrastructure.

Sandbox Features and Leadership

• The sandbox’s key features include fintech collaboration for building apps on the CBDC backend, tokenisation support for secure digital money representation, real-time testing of payment systems and wallets, and integration with the wholesale CBDC layer as the testing backbone.
• This initiative is led by Suvendu Pati, Chief General Manager at RBI, who emphasized that token-based systems can revolutionize banking by enabling more interoperable, fluid, and faster transactions.

World Trade Organization Slashes 2026 Global Merchandise Trade Growth Forecast to 0.5% Amid US Tariffs and Economic Slowdown

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) has cut the 2026 merchandise trade growth forecast to 0.5%, down from 8%, due to US tariffs and a slowing global economy.
• For 2025, the trade growth forecast has been upgraded to 2.4% from 9%, driven by US import front-loading, AI-related goods trade, and strong emerging market performance.
• US import front-loading of semiconductors, machinery, and electric vehicles ahead of new tariffs temporarily boosted global trade volumes.
• Global trade in AI and technology goods, including chips, computing hardware, and data infrastructure, is a major growth driver.
• Supportive macroeconomic conditions, such as disinflation, fiscal stimulus, and strong demand in India, Brazil, and Vietnam, strengthened the 2025 outlook.
• 2026 projections are weak due to delayed US tariff impacts, affecting global trade, supply chain efficiency, and investment flows.
• Global economic slowdown risks include sluggish growth in advanced economies, weak European demand, and rising geopolitical tensions, which may undermine trade confidence.
• For India, the 2025 forecast improvement offers opportunities from strong domestic growth, tech manufacturing and exports, and supply chain diversification from China.
• The 2026 global slowdown may impact India’s exports, particularly in textiles, electronics, and auto components, due to weaker global demand.

About WTO:

• Founded: 1 January 1995
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Director-General: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (since 2021)
• Membership: 166 members (162 UN member states, the European Union, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan)

Securities and Exchange Board of India Launches “Validated UPI Handles” and “SEBI Check” to Enhance Investor Protection

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced “Validated UPI Handles” for securities market transactions to help investors verify legitimate accounts of registered intermediaries using the “@valid” handle with category-specific suffixes like .brk for brokers and .mf for mutual funds.
• A distinctive “thumbs-up inside a green triangle” icon and a special QR code will appear for verified transactions, ensuring protection from unauthorized payments.
• SEBI launched the “SEBI Check” tool, allowing investors to verify authenticity of bank account details or UPI IDs of SEBI-registered intermediaries before making payments.
• These initiatives aim to enhance payment security, prevent fraud, and build investor trust by ensuring payments are routed only through verified intermediaries.
• The @valid handle combines the name of the self-certified syndicate bank and includes a suffix like .brk or .mf for easy identification (e.g., brk@validhdfc, xyz.mf@validicici).
• SEBI stated that using @valid handles and the SEBI Check tool will strengthen investor protection, uphold market integrity, and foster digital trust in India’s securities market.

Larsen & Toubro Secures USD 700 Million Sustainability-Linked Trade Facility from Standard Chartered to Boost Green Financing

• Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has secured a USD 700 million Sustainability-Linked Trade Facility (SLTF) from Standard Chartered Bank, marking a significant step in sustainable financing.
• The SLTF is linked to key performance indicators (KPIs) such as greenhouse gas emissions intensity and freshwater withdrawal, aligning with L&T’s environmental sustainability goals.
• The facility complies with the Loan Market Association’s Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles, ensuring global market standard alignment.
• Earlier in June 2025, L&T issued India’s first listed sustainability-linked bond worth USD 60 million under SEBI’s ESG Bond Framework.
• L&T, a USD 30 billion multinational, operates across EPC projects, hi-tech manufacturing, and services in multiple geographies, reinforcing its commitment to ESG-linked growth.

National Stock Exchange to launch daily expiry GIFT Nifty contracts for foreign investors from October 13, 2025

• National Stock Exchange (NSE) announced the introduction of daily expiry GIFT Nifty contracts for foreign investors starting October 13, 2025, through its subsidiary NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT City, Gujarat.
• GIFT Nifty, a dollar-denominated derivative of the Nifty 50 index, had already surpassed a $100 billion monthly turnover in August 2025.
• The new framework offered five weekly expiries (Monday to Friday), aligning with global exchanges like the Chicago Board Options Exchange, and provided greater trading flexibility.
• These contracts were exclusively for foreign investors, as resident Indians are not permitted to trade in them.
• The initiative contrasted with SEBI’s tightening of domestic derivatives trading, where retail investors faced significant losses, but GIFT City remained exempt as it catered only to institutional and professional traders under IFSCA regulation.

Air India secures $215 million six-year loan from Bank of India and Standard Chartered to refinance debt

• Air India raised $215 million through a six-year loan from Bank of India and Standard Chartered Plc to refinance existing debt.
• The loan was routed via GIFT City and priced at around 168 basis points over the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR).
• Funds were utilized to refinance short-term debt used for the purchase of six Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.
• This was the first time Bank of India acted as a Mandated Lead Manager in a loan transaction from GIFT City.
• Loan discussions had slowed after the June Air India plane crash, one of India’s worst aviation accidents.

India’s First Startup–Investor Marketplace ‘Ideabaaz’ Launched at National Stock Exchange Mumbai

• Ideabaaz, India’s first integrated marketplace connecting startups and investors, was launched at the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in Mumbai, with NSE MD & CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan presiding.
• The platform aims to democratize access to capital and mentorship, particularly for startups in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, providing investor access, legal and accounting support, mentorship, and quarterly tracking.
• The launch was supported by an entrepreneurial reality show on Zee TV and Zee5, hosted by Pratik Gandhi and dubbed in multiple regional languages.
• Ideabaaz partnered with IIT Madras as Knowledge Partner, Turbo Start as Strategic Partner, and Raj Nayak served as Mentor, Investor, and Chief Curator.
• The initiative seeks to bridge the gap between startups and investors, enhancing India’s entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystem.

Moody’s Affirms India’s Sovereign Credit Rating at Baa3 with a Stable Outlook

• Moody’s Ratings has affirmed India’s long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer ratings and the local-currency senior unsecured rating at Baa3 with a Stable Outlook.
• India’s short-term local-currency rating was retained at P-3, while the long-term LC bond ceiling (A2) and FC bond ceiling (A3) remain unchanged.
• Moody’s highlighted India’s large and fast-growing economy, sound external position, and stable domestic financing base as key credit strengths.
• However, it cautioned that fiscal weaknesses and high government debt are likely to decline gradually, with limited improvement in debt affordability.

NABARD survey shows 72.8% of rural households expect higher income in the coming year

• According to a bi-monthly survey by NABARD (September 2025), 72.8% of rural households expect their income to increase in the next year — slightly lower than 74.7% in July 2025 but higher than 70.2% a year ago.
• The percentage of households reporting a decrease in income over the last year fell to 18%, the lowest level since the survey began in September 2024.
• The share of households borrowing solely from formal sources increased to 54.5% in September 2025, indicating improved access to institutional credit.
• The survey assessed rural economic sentiment based on five key parameters — consumption, income, savings, investment, and borrowings.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Prime Minister Inaugurates Phase One of Navi Mumbai International Airport

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase One of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA), a ₹19,650 crore project, expected to commence commercial operations by December 2025.
• NMIA will make Mumbai one of the few global cities with more than one international airport, alongside New York, London, and Tokyo.

Key Highlights

• The lotus-shaped airport terminal reflects Indian heritage, with design elements prioritizing eco-sustainability and accessibility.
• The airport is strategically significant for reducing congestion at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, enhancing air cargo efficiency, supporting farmer and fisher exports, generating employment, boosting trade and tourism, and aiding India’s goal to become a global Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) hub by 2030.
• India’s aviation sector has grown rapidly, from 74 airports in 2014 to over 160 airports today, with the UDAN Yojana making air travel more affordable and accessible, positioning India as the 3rd-largest domestic aviation market globally.
• Other infrastructure and skill-development initiatives launched alongside NMIA include:
  • Mumbai Metro Line 3 (Phase 2B): Enhancing urban mobility from Acharya Atre Chowk to Cuffe Parade.
  • Mumbai One App: India’s first integrated mobility platform, connecting 11 public transport services under a single digital interface.
  • STEP (Short-Term Employability Programme): 2,500 new training batches across Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Electric Vehicles, Solar Energy, and Additive Manufacturing, aligning skill development with emerging technologies.

About Maharashtra:

• Chief Minister: Devendra Fadnavis
• Governor: C. P. Radhakrishnan
• Capital: Mumbai
• National Parks: Tadoba National Park, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park, Navegaon National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the largest-ever Jhumoir dance performance at Guwahati’s Sarusajai Stadium, commemorating the 200th anniversary of Assam’s tea industry. The event, titled ‘Jhumoir Binandini 2025,’ featured over 8,000 artists from the tea garden community, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of Assam.

India’s First Commercial Electric Truck Battery Swapping and Charging Station Inaugurated by Shri Nitin Gadkari

• Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, inaugurated India’s first commercial electric truck battery swapping and charging station in Sonipat, Haryana at the Delhi International Cargo Terminal Private Limited (DICT), Panchi Gujran village, near Ganaur on GT Road.
• The facility aims to promote green transportation and reduce carbon emissions in the logistics and transport sector.

Key Highlights

• The government highlighted its efforts to advance the electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem and promote alternative fuels such as ethanol, bio-bitumen, and biofuels, aiming to achieve fuel self-reliance and reduce diesel dependency.
• EV battery costs have fallen by 50–60%, making electric vehicles more affordable and sustainable.
• The Sonipat station enables quick battery swapping and charging, reducing vehicle downtime and operational costs for transporters compared to diesel and rail transport.
• The initiative is expected to cut carbon emissions, promote adoption of electric logistics vehicles, and contribute to India’s vision of becoming a global hub for sustainable and clean mobility.

About Haryana:

• Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini
• Governor: Ashim Kumar Ghosh
• Capital: Chandigarh
• National Parks: Sultanpur National Park, Kalesar National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary

India Achieves Record Solar and Wind Power Generation in Early 2025

• In the first half of 2025, India generated record levels of solar and wind power, marking a major milestone in the country’s energy transition.
• Solar Power: Output increased by 17 terawatt-hours (TWh), a 25% rise compared to the first half of 2024, raising solar’s share in total electricity generation to 9.2% from 7.4%.
• Wind Power: Generation rose by 11 TWh, a 29% growth year-on-year, increasing wind’s share in the power mix to 5.1% from 4%.
• Emissions Reduction: Clean energy gains helped cut approximately 24 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the power sector; coal-based power generation declined significantly.
• Factors Behind the Growth:
  • Slower electricity demand growth due to milder weather and lower cooling requirements enabled renewables to capture a larger share.
  • Policy and infrastructure support, including renewable energy development, grid integration, and sector reforms, strengthened capacity to absorb intermittent power sources.
  • Technological and cost improvements, such as declining solar photovoltaic (PV) costs, higher wind turbine efficiency, and better project management, made large-scale renewable deployment more feasible.

Eighth Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly to be Held in New Delhi from 27–30 October 2025

• The Eighth Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly will be held from 27 to 30 October 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, bringing global leaders together under the theme One Sun, One Vision, One Shared Commitment.
• ISA, launched by India and France at COP21, Paris, is the largest treaty-based intergovernmental organisation from the Global South, comprising 124 Member and Signatory Countries.
• The Assembly will set priorities ahead of COP30 in Brazil, focusing on scaling solar energy, catalytic finance, technology roadmaps, policy frameworks, and skill development to accelerate a just and inclusive energy transition.
• India’s Achievements in Renewable Energy:
  • Achieved 50% of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil resources, five years ahead of schedule.
  • Installed ~125 GW of solar capacity, becoming the world’s third largest solar producer.
  • Under PM Surya Ghar – Muft Bijli Yojana, over 20 lakh households benefit from solar power.
  • PM-KUSUM Scheme supports installation of 10 GW small solar plants, 4 million off-grid solar pumps, and 3.5 million grid-connected agricultural pumps, extending clean energy to rural India.
• Global Positioning:
  • Third largest in solar power, fourth largest in wind power, and third largest in renewable energy installations globally.
  • Second largest solar module manufacturer after China; advancing green hydrogen production, targeting 5 million tonnes by 2031.
• Focus areas include Africa Solar Facility, Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Platform, floating solar, AI, digitalisation, green hydrogen, solar for agriculture, and standards and testing.
• ISA will release flagship reports Ease of Doing Solar 2025 and Solar Trends 2025, providing global insights and pathways to scale solar deployment.
• Regional Committee Meetings were held across Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America & Caribbean, and Africa, aligning regional initiatives with ISA global priorities and feeding recommendations on finance, innovation, and solar access into the Assembly.
• Headquartered in India, ISA collaborates with multilateral development banks, development financial institutions, private and public sector organisations, and civil society to deploy cost-effective, transformational solar solutions, particularly in Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States.

India Launches NAKSHA Programme for Urban Land Records Modernisation

• India launched the NAKSHA Programme under the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) to transform urban land administration, making it transparent, efficient, and citizen-friendly.
• A two-day National Training-cum-Workshop was conducted at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) for District Magistrates and Collectors from various states to prepare for nationwide implementation.

Key Highlights

• The programme integrates geospatial mapping, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Web-GIS platforms, and aerial/drone surveys to create a comprehensive digital land database.
• Main objective: Achieve “One Nation, One Land Record”, ensuring accurate mapping, clear ownership authentication, and ease of public access.
• Workshop training covered hands-on GIS and Web-GIS tools, GNSS-based surveys, ground-truthing, validation techniques, and citizen outreach practices.
• Department of Land Resources (DoLR) and Survey of India (SoI) provided technical guidance; Madhya Pradesh State Electronics Development Corporation (MPSEDC) managed digital infrastructure, while National Institute of Geo-informatics Science and Technology (NIGST) contributed technical expertise and training.
• Legal and administrative framework emphasized digital land authentication, coordination between central, state, and local bodies, and public awareness campaigns.
• Experts and senior civil servants contributed to developing a holistic, scalable, and legally sound framework for urban land governance.
• Expected outcomes: Elimination of ambiguity in land ownership, reduction in litigation, improved efficiency in land administration, and support for smarter urban planning and infrastructure development.

Odisha to Establish Digital Library for Jagannath Temple Archives

• The Odisha government announced the creation of a digital library, Gyana Yagnya Mandap, to preserve rare records of the Jagannath Temple, Puri.
• The library will be built on the site of the old Raghunandan Library, originally part of the Emar Mutt, near the temple premises.
• The Raghunandan Library, set up in the early 20th century, housed hundreds of palm-leaf manuscripts and religious texts in Odia, Sanskrit, and Bengali.
• The demolition of the old library was part of the Jagannath Heritage Corridor redevelopment project, aimed at improving temple accessibility and pilgrim facilities.
• Key objectives include the preservation of temple archives such as the Madala Panji (historic temple chronicle), ritual manuals, palm-leaf manuscripts, and other administrative and cultural documents.
• The facility will feature a modern e-library system and a research centre, enabling scholars, devotees, and the general public to access digitized archives.
• The initiative aims to safeguard Odisha’s religious and cultural heritage and ensure that sacred manuscripts and oral traditions are protected from decay and loss.
• It underscores the blend of heritage conservation with modern technology to support research, education, and public access to temple traditions.

RECENT NEWS

• Odisha is emerging as a green mobility leader, ranking fifth in India in terms of electric bus adoption. With 450 e-buses currently in operation, the state plans to more than double its fleet in the coming years as part of its clean transport initiative.

About Odisha:

• Chief Minister: Mohan Charan Majhi
• Governor: Hari Babu Kambhampati
• Capital: Bhubaneswar
• National Parks: Simlipal National Park, Bhitarkanika National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandankanan Zoological Park, Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal formally recognize Palestine, backing the two-state solution amid ongoing Gaza conflict

• Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal have formally recognized the State of Palestine, expressing frustration over the Gaza war and reaffirming support for a two-state solution.
• The recognition brings these nations in line with over 140 countries that already support Palestinian statehood.
• UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasized the need to revive hope for peace, condemning the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and Israeli bombardment.
• Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas stated that the recognition would enable peaceful coexistence between Palestinians and Israelis.
• France had earlier announced its intention (in July 2025) to recognize Palestine and pledged to vote in favor at the United Nations.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

László Krasznahorkai Wins 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature

• The Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 has been awarded to László Krasznahorkai, a renowned Hungarian novelist and screenwriter, recognized for his dense, poetic, and apocalyptic prose.
• The Swedish Academy honored him for his “compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”
• Krasznahorkai’s writing is known for long, meditative sentences, apocalyptic imagery, and deep philosophical reflections, exploring themes of isolation, moral collapse, human suffering, and redemption through art.
• Notable works include Satantango (1985), The Melancholy of Resistance (1989), War and War (1999), and Seiobo There Below (2008). Several of his works have been adapted into films, notably in collaboration with filmmaker Béla Tarr.
• The Nobel citation emphasizes his ability to depict apocalyptic terror while celebrating art’s redemptive power, encouraging readers to confront existential crises and moral decay, and reaffirming the salvational power of art.
• The award highlights Hungary’s contribution to global literature, underscores the relevance of philosophical fiction, and celebrates the enduring power of literature to address universal human fears and aspirations.
• The Nobel Prize in Literature, established by Alfred Nobel’s will in 1895, is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors producing “the most outstanding work in an ideal direction” and is one of the world’s most prestigious literary honors.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Reserve Bank of India Names Shri Sanjay Kumar Hansda as Its New Executive Director

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Shri Sanjay Kumar Hansda as Executive Director (ED) with effect from March 03, 2025.
• Shri Hansda rejoined the RBI on October 06, 2025, after completing his deputation as Senior Advisor to the Executive Director (India) at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
• Before his promotion as Executive Director, he served as Adviser in the Department of Economic and Policy Research (DEPR) and earlier worked as Adviser in the Monetary Policy Department and Officer-in-Charge/Director of the Internal Debt Management Department.
• He also had an international assignment as an Analyst (Financial Stability) at the Bank of England on a secondment from the RBI.
• He has been a member of key committees set up by the Bank of England, the Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS), and the Government of India, along with several internal and external working groups.
• As Executive Director, Shri Hansda will be in charge of the Department of Economic and Policy Research (DEPR) at the RBI.

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla Named Brand Ambassador for Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025

• Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS), has been appointed brand ambassador of Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025, India’s largest-ever school hackathon.
• The Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025 is organised by the Ministry of Education in partnership with the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and NITI Aayog.
• The initiative aims to engage over one crore students from 1.5 lakh schools across India in ideating, designing, and building prototypes to solve real-world challenges.
• The Buildathon was launched on 23 September 2025 by the Ministry of Education, along with AIM, NITI Aayog, and AICTE.
• The programme is designed for students from Classes VI to XII, encouraging them to collaborate and innovate on a national platform.
• It aligns with the vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047, promoting self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat), innovation, and inclusive growth among India’s youth.
• The live event will be held on 13 October 2025, and winners will be announced in December 2025.
• The hackathon supports the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, by fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and practical learning.
• The Buildathon is guided by four key national themes — Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant solutions), Swadeshi (indigenous knowledge), Vocal for Local (support for local entrepreneurship), and Samriddhi (sustainable prosperity).

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Warns Pakistan of “Resounding Response” to Any Aggression in Sir Creek Region

• Defence Minister Rajnath Singh issued a strong warning to Pakistan over possible aggression in the Sir Creek region, stating that any provocation would be met with a “resounding response” capable of changing “history and geography.”
• Sir Creek is a 96-km-long water strip located in the marshlands of the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat.
• The creek forms the boundary between India’s Kutch region and Pakistan’s Sindh province, eventually opening into the Arabian Sea.
• Historically, Sir Creek was known as Ban Ganga and was renamed “Sir Creek” during the British colonial period, after a British official.
• The Sir Creek Dispute centers on differing interpretations of the maritime boundary between India and Pakistan, which impacts fishing rights and exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the region.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Google Expands AI App Builder ‘Opal’ to 15 Countries to Boost Global No-Code Development

• Google has expanded access to its AI-powered app builder, Opal, to 15 additional countries, marking a major step in democratizing app development globally.
• The expansion covers 15 new markets, including India, Japan, Brazil, South Korea, Canada, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Colombia, Argentina, and others, reflecting strong early feedback from users who built sophisticated and practical applications during the U.S. rollout.

Key Highlights :

• Opal, developed by Google Labs, is an experimental no-code app builder that allows users to create mini web applications using plain text prompts, eliminating the need for programming skills.
• Originally launched in the U.S. in July 2025, Opal enables users to describe the app they want, and the tool uses Google’s AI models to generate the inputs, outputs, and workflows automatically.
• Users can edit and customize apps through a visual editor, which allows them to modify steps, test workflows, and add new components using an easy drag-and-drop interface.
• The app supports instant sharing, enabling users to publish and share their apps via unique links so others can test them through their Google accounts.
• Google has enhanced Opal’s debugging features, introducing a step-by-step workflow testing system that shows errors directly where they occur, helping users fix them easily while keeping the platform no-code.
• Performance improvements have also been introduced, with faster app creation times (reduced from about five seconds) and parallel task execution, allowing multiple workflow steps to run simultaneously for greater efficiency.
• With this initiative, Google joins competitors such as Canva, Figma, and Replit, which are also focusing on no-code tools that enable nontechnical users to design and prototype apps

About Google :

• Founded: 4 September 1998
• Headquarters:California, United States
• CEO: Sundar Pichai

Anusandhan National Research Foundation Unveils AI-Powered Tool ‘SARAL’ to Simplify and Enhance Access to Scientific Research

• The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has launched an AI-based tool called SARAL (Simplified and Automated Research Amplification and Learning) to make scientific research more accessible and understandable.
• SARAL uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to generate simplified summaries of complex research papers in formats such as videos, podcasts, posters, and presentations, enabling wider outreach.
• The tool was developed by IIIT Hyderabad under the guidance of ANRF, with the goal of simplifying research communication for the general public.
• The platform supports 11 Indian languages, promoting inclusivity and accessibility in science communication.
• The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) is a statutory body functioning under the Department of Science & Technology (DST).

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Narcotics Control Bureau and Rashtriya Raksha University Collaborate to Combat Cyber-Enabled Drug Crimes

• The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi to strengthen research, training, and capacity building against narcotics and cyber-enabled drug crimes.
• Signatories: Anurag Garg, Director General of NCB, and Professor Bimal Patel, Vice Chancellor of RRU.

Key Highlights

• The collaboration focuses on research and innovation, training and skill development, technology-based solutions for tracing drug-related crimes, and capacity building for cybercrime prevention.
• Key initiatives include studying Darknet narcotics markets, cryptocurrency tracing, enhancing cyber threat intelligence, and developing digital investigation tools for forensic analysis.
• Specialized training programs for NCB officers will cover Cyber Forensics and Blockchain Forensics, Open-Source Intelligence, Behavioural Profiling of Offenders, and Digital Evidence Collection and Analysis.
• A Centre of Excellence in Cybercrime Investigation and Drug Intelligence will be established to conduct advanced research, develop AI-based detection tools, formulate policies, and facilitate knowledge sharing nationally and internationally.
• The partnership is expected to enhance intelligence gathering, promote technology-driven enforcement, strengthen academia-law enforcement collaboration, equip officers with advanced digital investigation skills, and support policy formulation for modern narcotics control.
• The initiative aligns with Digital India and Safe and Secure India programs, ensuring India’s enforcement mechanisms remain ahead of emerging criminal trends.

IBM Partners with Anthropic to Integrate Claude AI into Enterprise Software

• IBM and Anthropic announced a strategic partnership to integrate Claude, Anthropic’s advanced large language model (LLM), into IBM’s enterprise software ecosystem.
• The collaboration aims to develop secure, governed, and high- performance AI tools for enterprise use, moving from experimentation to practical deployment.
• Claude AI Integration: Embedded into a new AI-first Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for enterprise software lifecycles; currently in private preview with 6,000 IBM developers, reporting ~45% productivity gains.
• Features of AI-First IDE:
  • Application modernization at scale: automated upgrades, framework migrations, multi-step refactoring.
  • Intelligent code generation and review: AI ensures compliance and aligns with enterprise architecture.
  • End-to-end workflow orchestration: manages coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
  • Security-first workflows: includes vulnerability scans, FedRAMP hardening, and quantum-safe cryptography migration.
• Contribution to Open Standards: Strengthens IBM’s role in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) community by providing enterprise-tested practices, reference architectures, and open-source tools, promoting interoperability and transparency in AI deployment.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

The World Egg Day will be on 10th October 2025

• World Egg Day is observed annually on the second Friday in October. This year, World Egg Day is on the 10th of October 2025.
• The 2025 World Egg Day theme is “The Mighty Egg: Packed with Natural Nutrition”.
• The World Egg Day 2024 activities will celebrate the significance of eggs in our lives.
• World Egg Day was created in 1996 at the IEC conference in Vienna to recognize and honor the value and relevance of eggs to all of humanity.
• Since then International Egg Day is observed annually on the second Friday in October.

World Mental Health Day falls on the 10th of October.

• World Mental Health Day falls on the 10th of October.
• The goals of World Mental Health Day are to raise public awareness of mental health concerns around the world and to motivate people to support mental health.
• The event makes sure that the topic of mental health is brought up and continues to be on people’s minds.
• The World Mental Health Day 2025 theme is “Access to Services – Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies”

History

• A non-governmental organization called the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) was established in 1948.
• On October 10, 1992, Richard Hunter, who was the deputy secretary general of the WFMH at the time, declared the first World Mental Health Day.
• Every year since 1994, a unique theme has been chosen for the international celebration.

Daily CA One- Liner: 10^th October

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase One of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA), a ₹19,650 crore project, expected to commence commercial operations by December 2025
• Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, inaugurated India’s first commercial electric truck battery swapping and charging station in Sonipat, Haryana at the Delhi International Cargo Terminal Private Limited (DICT), Panchi Gujran village, near Ganaur on GT Road
• In the first half of 2025, India generated record levels of solar and wind power, marking a major milestone in the country’s energy transition
• The Eighth Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly will be held from 27 to 30 October 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, bringing global leaders together under the theme One Sun, One Vision, One Shared Commitment.
• India launched the NAKSHA Programme under the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) to transform urban land administration, making it transparent, efficient, and citizen-friendly.
• The Odisha government announced the creation of a digital library, Gyana Yagnya Mandap, to preserve rare records of the Jagannath Temple, Puri.
• The Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 has been awarded to László Krasznahorkai, a renowned Hungarian novelist and screenwriter, recognized for his dense, poetic, and apocalyptic prose
• The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi to strengthen research, training, and capacity building against narcotics and cyber-enabled drug crimes
• IBM and Anthropic announced a strategic partnership to integrate Claude, Anthropic’s advanced large language model (LLM), into IBM’s enterprise software ecosystem.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on October 8, 2025, marking a major step in India’s digital financial ecosystem.
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) has cut the 2026 merchandise trade growth forecast to 0.5%, down from 1.8%, due to US tariffs and a slowing global economy.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced “Validated UPI Handles” for securities market transactions to help investors verify legitimate accounts of registered intermediaries using the “@valid” handle with category-specific suffixes like .brk for brokers and .mf for mutual funds.
• Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has secured a USD 700 million Sustainability-Linked Trade Facility (SLTF) from Standard Chartered Bank, marking a significant step in sustainable financing.
• National Stock Exchange (NSE) announced the introduction of daily expiry GIFT Nifty contracts for foreign investors starting October 13, 2025, through its subsidiary NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT City, Gujarat.
• Air India raised $215 million through a six-year loan from Bank of India and Standard Chartered Plc to refinance existing debt.
• Ideabaaz, India’s first integrated marketplace connecting startups and investors, was launched at the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in Mumbai, with NSE MD & CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan presiding.
• Moody’s Ratings has affirmed India’s long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer ratings and the local-currency senior unsecured rating at Baa3 with a Stable Outlook.
• According to a bi-monthly survey by NABARD (September 2025), 72.8% of rural households expect their income to increase in the next year — slightly lower than 74.7% in July 2025 but higher than 70.2% a year ago.
• Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal have formally recognized the State of Palestine, expressing frustration over the Gaza war and reaffirming support for a two-state solution.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Shri Sanjay Kumar Hansda as Executive Director (ED) with effect from March 03, 2025.
• Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS), has been appointed brand ambassador of Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025, India’s largest-ever school hackathon.
• Defence Minister Rajnath Singh issued a strong warning to Pakistan over possible aggression in the Sir Creek region, stating that any provocation would be met with a “resounding response” capable of changing “history and geography.”
• Google has expanded access to its AI-powered app builder, Opal, to 15 additional countries, marking a major step in democratizing app development globally.
• The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has launched an AI-based tool called SARAL (Simplified and Automated Research Amplification and Learning) to make scientific research more accessible and understandable.
• World Egg Day is observed annually on the second Friday in October. This year, World Egg Day is on the 10th of October 2025
• World Mental Health Day falls on the 10th of October.