Daily Current Affairs 31st October 2025 | Latest News | Download PDF

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Dear Readers, get to know the daily current affairs today covering all the National & International Events provided here in this article. Current Affairs is an important topic in various competitive exams like IBPS/SBI/PO/Clerk and other competitive exams. To score better in this section, be updated with the daily happenings. Check the Daily Current Affairs October 2025 updates here. Revision is very important in remembering current affairs. Candidates after learning the Daily current affairs 31st October 2025, can test their knowledge by attempting Current Affairs Quiz provided with answers. Daily current affairs 31st October 2025 covers current affairs from International & National news, Important Days, State News, Banking & Economy, Business News, Appointments & Resignation, Awards & Honour, Books & Authors, Sports News, etc.,

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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Major Financial Rule Updates from November 2025: New Bank Nomination Limits, SBI Card Fees, and Pension Deadlines

• From November 1, 2025, several banking and financial changes will come into effect, directly impacting bank customers, credit cardholders, and pensioners across India.

Key Highlights :

• Multiple Nominations for Bank Accounts and Lockers: Starting November 1, 2025, bank account holders can now nominate up to four individuals for their deposit accounts, safe custody items, and lockers under Sections 10–13 of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025.
• Account holders can specify succession order or distribution percentages, making inheritance claims simpler and dispute-free.
• Locker Nomination Rule: For bank lockers, only successive nominations are allowed — if the first nominee is unavailable, the next nominee takes precedence.
• SBI Card Fee Revision: From November 1, 2025, State Bank of India (SBI) Card will levy a 1% transaction fee on education-related payments made through third-party apps such as CRED, Cheq, and MobiKwik.
• Direct payments made to educational institutions via official websites or POS machines will not attract any fee.
• A 1% charge will also apply on wallet load transactions exceeding ₹1,000 for select merchant categories.
• PNB Locker Rent Reduction: Punjab National Bank (PNB) has reduced locker rent charges across all sizes and regions, effective 30 days after publication (October 16, 2025 notice) to make locker facilities more affordable and customer-friendly.
• Life Certificate (Jeevan Pramaan) Submission for Pensioners: Central and State Government pensioners must submit their annual life certificate between November 1 and November 30, 2025, to ensure uninterrupted pension credit.   Pensioners aged 80 years and above were allowed to submit from October 1, 2025.
• Failure to submit on time may result in temporary suspension of pension payments.
• Extended Deadline for NPS to UPS Switch: The deadline to switch from the National Pension System (NPS) to the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) has been extended till November 30, 2025, as per the Finance Ministry’s direction.
• This extension applies to Central Government employees, retirees, and spouses of deceased NPS members, providing additional time for an informed decision.

Reserve Bank of India rejects Jana Small Finance Bank’s bid for universal bank licence

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has returned the application of Jana Small Finance Bank (Jana SFB) for conversion into a universal bank, citing non-fulfilment of eligibility criteria as per RBI guidelines.
• The Board of Jana SFB will now review the RBI’s communication and decide whether to re-apply for the universal bank licence.
• The RBI’s decision was taken under the framework for “Voluntary Transition of Small Finance Banks (SFBs) to Universal Banks”, which enables eligible SFBs to expand into full-service commercial banking.
• In 2025, AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB) became the first Small Finance Bank to receive RBI’s in-principle approval to transition into a universal bank.
• Eligibility Criteria: SFBs can apply for a universal bank licence after the successful completion of 5 years of operations, provided they meet the minimum paid-up voting equity capital and net worth requirements applicable to universal banks.
• As per RBI guidelines, an SFB must be listed on a recognised stock exchange and have a minimum net worth of ₹1,000 crore as of the end of the previous quarter to qualify for transition.
• The SFB must also have recorded a net profit for the past two financial years and maintained Gross NPA below 3% and Net NPA below 1% over the same period.
• The development highlights RBI’s cautious approach in ensuring only financially sound and compliant SFBs are allowed to transition into universal banks.

Reserve Bank of India reports 10.7% rise in Prepaid Payment Instrument cards to 483 million by June 2025

• According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, the number of Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) cards increased 10.7% to 483 million as of June 30, 2025, up from 436 million six months earlier.
• The number of active PPI cards surged nearly fourfold to 338 million from 89 million, indicating a strong reactivation trend among users.
• The RBI defines an active card as one that has been used at least once within a year.
• Conversely, the number of PPI wallets declined to 868 million from 890 million, showing a shift from wallets to cards.
• Prepaid Payment Instruments are gaining popularity due to merchant discount rate (MDR) revenue and interoperability via UPI rails, offering banks and fintechs a profitable alternative to zero-cost UPI and debit transactions.

PayPal partners with OpenAI to become ChatGPT’s first integrated digital payments wallet

• PayPal and OpenAI announced a partnership to enable Digital Wallet integration in ChatGPT, allowing users to purchase goods and services directly through the AI chatbot.
• With this collaboration, PayPal became the first digital wallet integrated into ChatGPT.
• PayPal will integrate with OpenAI’s Instant Checkout feature, enabling users to make purchases directly using PayPal wallets under the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP).
• ChatGPT payments will include PayPal’s buyer-seller protection, order tracking, dispute resolution, and a payments API with merchant tools for analytics and catalog management through its “agentic commerce” suite.
• The integration will embed PayPal’s digital wallet and Venmo into ChatGPT, enabling seamless in-chat purchases.
• Users will have a “Pay Another Way” option to use credit/debit cards or bank accounts.
• PayPal announced a 2026 feature called “Agent Ready”, which will enable purchases from PayPal merchants through other AI platforms such as Google and Perplexity.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

National Farmer Producer Organisation Conclave 2025 Inaugurated in New Delhi

• Union Minister for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare and Rural Development, Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, inaugurated the National FPO (Farmer Producer Organisation) Conclave 2025 in New Delhi.
• The event witnessed participation from over 500 progressive farmers, FPOs, Implementing Agencies (IAs), and Cluster-Based Business Organizations (CBBOs) representing 24 states and 140 districts across India.

Key Highlights

• While addressing the participants, the Minister urged farmers to transform from producers to entrepreneurs and traders so that the full benefits of agriculture reach them directly.
• He announced that the government will soon introduce a Seed Act to ensure farmers get high-quality seeds. Strict action will also be taken against counterfeit seeds and pesticides, with new legislation being formulated for farmers’ protection.
• During the event held at NCDC and NCUI premises in Hauz Khas, Delhi, the Minister felicitated outstanding FPOs, CBBOs, and Implementing Agencies for excellence in organization, business, and digital innovation.
• A grand exhibition was organised at the NCDC premises, featuring 267 FPOs displaying cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, organic, processed, and traditional products. The Minister visited 57 stalls, interacted with farmers, and appreciated their innovations while encouraging the adoption of technology and modern markets.
• The conclave also included technical sessions and panel discussions on key topics such as oilseed production, water use efficiency, natural farming, Agricultural Infrastructure Fund, honey production, digital marketing, AGMARK certification, and seed production.
• A dedicated platform facilitated interaction among FPOs, farmers, buyers, and sellers, creating new market opportunities for rural entrepreneurs and promoting farmer–industry partnerships.
• The event marked a significant step towards strengthening the FPO ecosystem, encouraging innovation and inclusivity, and empowering farmers as producers, providers, and partners in India’s agricultural growth story.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

India and Nepal Ink Power Transmission Deals to Strengthen Energy Cooperation

• India and Nepal have strengthened their energy cooperation by signing two major power agreements between POWERGRID Corporation of India and the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).
• The agreements aim to build two 400 kV cross-border transmission lines and create joint ventures (JVs) in both countries for implementation.
• The signing took place in New Delhi in the presence of India’s Power Minister Manohar Lal and Nepal’s Energy Minister Kulman Ghising.
• The transmission lines will connect Inaruwa (Nepal) – New Purnea (India) and Lamki/Dododhara (Nepal) – Bareilly (India).
• Each country will establish separate JV entities, ensuring a balanced ownership structure and equal bilateral participation.
• The initiative will boost electricity trade, improve grid resilience, and support Nepal’s hydropower exports to India.
• It will also increase interconnection capacity, enabling regional load sharing and enhanced energy security for both countries.
• The project aligns with the goal of creating a South Asian energy market and promoting clean energy diplomacy in the region.
• The cooperation supports India’s Neighborhood First Policy, reinforcing its role as a regional development partner.
• It could pave the way for broader South Asian grid integration, potentially involving Bhutan, Bangladesh, and other countries.

About Nepal :

• President : Ram Chandra Poudel
• Prime Minister : Sushila Karki (interim)
• Capital : Kathmandu
• Currency : Nepalese rupee

United Nations Convention Against Cybercrime Opened for Signing in Hanoi, Vietnam

• In October 2025, the United Nations (UN) Convention against Cybercrime was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, marking a major step toward creating the world’s first global framework to combat cybercrime.
• The signing ceremony was hosted by Vietnam in collaboration with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

Key Highlights :

• The Convention was opened for signature on 25–26 October 2025 in Hanoi and will remain open at the UN Headquarters in New York until 31 December 2026.
• Over 60 countries have signed the convention, showing strong global participation and international commitment.
• The Convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) on 24 December 2024 in New York, USA, through Resolution A/RES/79/243, after five years of negotiations.
• The main aim is to establish the first universal legal framework for the investigation and prosecution of online offences.
• The Convention covers various cybercrimes such as ransomware attacks, financial fraud, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images.
• It is the first international treaty to recognise non-consensual dissemination of intimate images as a criminal offence, advancing digital rights protection.
• The Convention takes effect 90 days after the 40th ratification and includes capacity building and real-time cooperation for developing nations.
• It sets global standards to criminalise cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled offences including ransomware and financial fraud.
• It promotes international cooperation through electronic evidence exchange and a 24/7 cooperation network for faster cybercrime response.
• It ensures law enforcement actions respect privacy, dignity, and human rights, balancing security with individual freedoms.
• The Convention seeks to counter the USD 10.5 trillion global cybercrime threat, enhancing cybersecurity and capacity building

About UNODC :

• Established in 1997
• Headquarters : Vienna, Austria
• Executive Director : Ghada Fathi Waly.

Elon Musk’s xAI Unveils AI-Driven Online Encyclopaedia ‘Grokipedia’

• Elon Musk’s AI company xAI launched Grokipedia (v 0.1), an open-source online encyclopedia designed to provide truthful, independent, and AI-driven information to users.
• The platform initially offered over 8 lakh articles at its launch.
• Grokipedia aims to create an AI-powered knowledge platform that promotes open information sharing and reduces bias found in traditional encyclopedias.
• It is connected to xAI’s Grok chatbot, which uses artificial intelligence to create, check, and update information
• Unlike Wikipedia’s crowdsourced editing model, Grokipedia relies on AI for content creation and verification, while users can suggest corrections through a reporting system instead of making direct edits.

International Union for Conservation of Nature Adopts Landmark Global Framework on Soil Security

• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) officially adopted “Motion 007 on Security Law”, marking the first recognition of soil security as central to food systems, water supply, biodiversity protection, and climate resilience.
• The motion was adopted during the IUCN World Conservation Congress held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Key Highlights:

• Motion 007 on Security Law was co-sponsored by Save Soil (Isha Outreach) and the Global Centre for Environmental Legal Studies, with support from Aurora, an Australian soil security think tank.
• The motion defines soil security as the responsible management and preservation of soil to ensure its ability to provide ecosystem and biophysical services.
• Following its adoption, IUCN will form a working group to develop an international convention or legal framework on soil security.
• Over 90 member countries will be encouraged to integrate the Model Soil Security Law into their national regulatory frameworks.
• The law is based on five key dimensions — capacity, condition, capital, connectivity, and codification, guiding nations to integrate soil protection into agriculture, climate action, and ecosystem restoration.
• It aims to enhance legal accountability and promote regenerative farming practices, strengthening farmers’ livelihoods and ecological sustainability.
• Soil is now recognised as the 8th existential issue, alongside climate change, food and water scarcity, biodiversity preservation, energy sustainability, environmental maintenance, and human well-being.
• According to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), around 16 million sq. km of land could be severely degraded by 2050, causing annual global economic losses of USD 878 billion.
• Soil health impacts at least 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

About IUCN :

• Headquarters: Gland, Switzerland
• Established: 1948
• Director-General: Grethel Aguilar

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Padma Shri Sanjeev Kapoor Honoured as One of the 2025 Top Agri-Food Pioneers by the World Food Prize Foundation

• Renowned chef and Padma Shri awardee Sanjeev Kapoor has been recognised by the World Food Prize Foundation (WFPF) as one of its 2025 Top Agri-Food Pioneers (TAP) for his outstanding contributions to nutrition, sustainable agriculture, and food system innovation.
  • The honour acknowledges his efforts in combining culinary expertise with nutrition advocacy and agricultural sourcing to promote healthier and more sustainable food systems.

Key Highlights

• As highlighted by WFPF, Kapoor has helped deliver over 2.5 million nutrient-rich meals to schoolchildren and promoted the cultivation and use of bio-fortified crops such as iron-rich pearl millet and zinc-rich wheat.
• He was recognised for leading impactful initiatives like ‘Nutri Pathshala’, which links schools, farmers, and nutrition programmes to strengthen India’s nutrition and agri-ecosystem.
• The World Food Prize Foundation, founded in 1986 by Dr. Norman Borlaug (Nobel Peace Prize Laureate) and headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa, USA, honours individuals advancing food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture through key initiatives such as:
  – World Food Prize (annual global award)
  – Top Agri-Food Pioneers (TAP) list
  – Borlaug Dialogue, a premier global agri-food policy forum.

Former U.S. President Donald Trump Conferred with South Korea’s Highest Civilian Honour – The Grand Order of Mugunghwa

• Former U.S. President Donald Trump was conferred with South Korea’s highest national honour, the Grand Order of Mugunghwa, during his official visit to Seoul.
• The ceremony took place ahead of the upcoming Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit, marking an important moment in Asia-Pacific diplomacy.
• The Grand Order of Mugunghwa is the highest civilian award of South Korea, usually conferred on heads of state and royalty for their significant contributions to the nation’s development and global relations.
• Trump became the first U.S. President to receive this distinction, with the South Korean government recognising his role as a “peacemaker”, especially for his diplomatic engagements with North Korea during his presidency.
• Along with the honour, Trump was presented with a replica of the Cheonmachong crown, a golden artefact from the Silla Kingdom, symbolising unity, stability, and peace.
• Trump’s earlier interactions with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un included historic summits, the first-ever between a sitting U.S. President and a North Korean leader, which helped reduce regional tensions despite talks later stalling.
• During his 2025 visit, Trump reiterated his willingness to resume dialogue with Pyongyang, though there has been no official response from North Korea.
• The recognition also reflects South Korea’s intent to strengthen diplomatic ties with the United States while honouring contributions toward peace and regional stability.

About the Grand Order of Mugunghwa

• The Grand Order of Mugunghwa is the highest national order awarded by the Republic of Korea (South Korea).
• It is generally conferred on:
• The President of South Korea,
• The President’s spouse, and
• Heads or former heads of allied nations and their spouses.
• The honour is bestowed for “outstanding meritorious services in promoting the development and security of the Republic of Korea.”

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Department of Telecommunications National Communications Academy (NCA) Signs MoU with IIM Calcutta for Capacity Building and Policy Collaboration

• The National Communications Academy (NCA), Department of Telecommunications (DoT), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC) at Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi, in the presence of Neeraj Mittal, Chairman DCC & Secretary (Telecom).
• The MoU was signed by Alok Kumar Rai, Director, IIMC, and Shri Atul Sinha, Director General, NCA-Technology (NCA-T), Ghaziabad. Other dignitaries present included Prof. R. Rajesh Babu, Dean (Executive Education), IIMC; Shri Navneet Chouhan, DDG (TS & PR), NCA-T; and Shri Shashi Shekhar Pandey, Director (Policy Research), NCA-T.
• This MoU establishes a comprehensive framework for collaboration between NCA and IIM Calcutta, focusing on capacity building, research, consulting, policy formulation, and training in emerging technology domains such as Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Mobile Communication, and Cyberspace.
• The partnership aims to develop knowledge-driven programs, joint workshops, and a policy advisory platform to strengthen human resource development and strategic planning in India’s telecommunication sector.
  The collaboration underscores a shared commitment towards promoting innovation, enhancing professional skills, and supporting India’s vision of a digitally empowered society.

About National Communications Academy (NCA)

• The National Communications Academy (NCA) functions under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications, Government of India.
• It focuses on capacity building and training of officers and officials belonging to the Indian Telecommunication Service (ITS), Indian Radio Regulatory Service (IRRS), and IP&TAFS cadres.
• NCA plays a crucial role in policy development, skill enhancement, and human resource capacity building for India’s digital and telecom growth.

About Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC)

• IIM Calcutta, under the Ministry of Education, is one of India’s premier business schools, known for excellence in management education, research, and entrepreneurship.
• It was the first Indian Institute of Management established by the Government of India and remains the only Indian member of the prestigious global CEMS alliance.
• IIM Calcutta holds triple international accreditation, reflecting its global standards of academic excellence and leadership development.
• Department of Social Justice & Empowerment Signs MoU with Persolkelly India Pvt. Ltd. to Boost Employment for SC and BC Communities
• The Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE), Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Persolkelly India Pvt. Ltd., one of India’s leading human resource and staffing solutions companies, to enhance employment opportunities for candidates from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Backward Classes (BC) communities.
• This initiative aims to connect SC and BC candidates with suitable job opportunities across multiple sectors through the engagement of professional HR consultants.

Key Highlights

• Under the partnership, verified candidate data will be shared with Persolkelly India to facilitate placements in relevant industries. Beneficiaries will receive free counselling, resume building assistance, interview preparation, and placement support.
• The MoU ensures strict data privacy, transparency, and accountability, with regular monitoring mechanisms to ensure effective implementation and measurable outcomes.
• This collaboration will create a three-fold impact—enhancing employability among marginalized candidates, supporting the Government’s objective of turning welfare into sustainable livelihoods, and offering the private sector access to a verified, diverse talent pool, thereby encouraging inclusive hiring and fulfilling Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• The initiative aims to build a transparent and inclusive employment ecosystem, ensuring dignity, self-reliance, and equal access to livelihood opportunities for all deserving individuals.
• This collaboration between DoSJE and Persolkelly India Pvt. Ltd. stands as a milestone in promoting social equity and inclusive growth, bridging the gap between welfare and workforce participation, and advancing India’s vision of empowerment through employment.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Dr. Patrick Herminie Takes Oath as the 6th President of Seychelles

• Dr. Patrick Herminie, leader of the United Seychelles (US) Party, was sworn in as the 6th President of the Republic of Seychelles after winning the presidential election held on October 12, 2025.
• The swearing-in ceremony took place at Unity Stadium in Victoria, the capital of Seychelles.
• He succeeded President Wavel Ramkalawan of the Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (LDS) Party.
• In the October 12, 2025 Presidential Election, Herminie secured 52.7% of the valid votes, defeating Wavel Ramkalawan, who received 47.3% votes.
• His victory marks the return of the US Party to power after a five-year break since losing the 2020 elections.
• Patrick Herminie has held several key government positions, including Director General (DG) of Disease Prevention and Control (1996), DG of Primary Health Care (1998), and Secretary of State for Drug Abuse Prevention and Rehabilitation (2016–2020).
• He was the President of the US Party (1998–2010) and was re-elected in 2021 to lead it into the 2025 elections.
• He received the Chevening Award (1993) from the United Kingdom (UK) Government for his contribution to medicine.

About Republic of Seychelles:

• Capital : Victoria
• Currency: Seychelles Rupee (SCR)

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SUMMITS & CONFERENCES

Nagaland to host 22nd Annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Association India Region Zone-III Conference from November 9–13, 2025

• Nagaland will host the 22nd Annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) India Region Zone-III Conference from 9th to 13th November 2025 at the Nagaland Legislative Assembly under the theme “Policy, Progress & People: Legislatures as Catalysts of Change.”
• The conference will act as a platform for eight Northeastern States to discuss regional challenges, policy coordination, and inclusive economic and legislative development.
• Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla will serve as the Chief Patron, while Nagaland Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio will be the Vice Patron of the event.
• The CPA India Region Zone-III provides a forum for Northeast States to develop a unified voice and formulate solutions on issues ranging from economic growth to policy development.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Indian Army Observes 79th Infantry Day, Honouring Shaurya Diwas

• The Indian Army commemorated Infantry Day (Shaurya Diwas) on Oct 27, 2025 with a Wreath Laying Ceremony at the National War Memorial, New Delhi, honouring the valour, sacrifice, and spirit of Infantry soldiers.
• General Upendra Dwivedi, Chief of the Army Staff, laid a wreath at the Amar Chakra, paying tribute to the bravery and supreme sacrifice of Infantry personnel who gave their lives for the Nation.
• The ceremony was attended by senior Army officers, veterans, serving personnel, and families of martyrs.
• War veterans, including Major Ashish Sonal, Vir Chakra (Retd) – veteran of Operation PAWAN (1990); Subedar Major & Honorary Captain Kunwar Singh, Vir Chakra (Retd) – participant of Operation MEGHDOOT (1989); and Lance Naik Amrit, Vir Chakra (Retd) – participant of Operation CACTUS LILY (1971), also laid wreaths on behalf of Infantry veterans.
• Nationwide events were organised, including the Field Marshal KM Cariappa Memorial Seminar (Lucknow), Shauryaveer Run, and Felicitation of Veer Naris at Delhi Cantonment.
• An ‘Infantry Magazine’ was released, highlighting the Infantry’s capability development and heroic sagas.
• Infantry Day is observed annually on 27 October, marking the day in 1947 when Indian Army Infantrymen became the first troops to land at Srinagar airport during the Pakistan-backed tribal invasion, safeguarding India’s territorial integrity.
• The day symbolises the Infantry’s courage, dedication, and steadfast defence of national sovereignty.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Astronomers Discover ‘Super-Earth’ Exoplanet GJ 251c, Four Times the Mass of Earth

• Astronomers have discovered a “Super-Earth” exoplanet named GJ 251c, estimated to be about four times the mass of Earth and likely composed of rocky material, qualifying it as a super-Earth.
• The planet was detected using the radial-velocity method, with data supported by high-precision spectrographs and the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF) at Pennsylvania State University’s Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET).
• The discovery of GJ 251c is significant as it provides a valuable opportunity to study one of the nearest potentially habitable rocky exoplanets, contributing to research on planetary formation and the search for extraterrestrial life.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Savings Day 2025 – Promoting the Importance of Saving for Financial Security

• World Savings Day is observed annually on October 30 in India and on October 31 globally to raise awareness about the importance of saving money for achieving financial goals, preparing for future needs, and reducing financial stress.
• The observance encourages individuals to evaluate their spending and saving habits, promoting financial discipline and long-term security.
• Origin: The day was first established in 1924 during the International Savings Bank Congress, held from October 24–30, where the idea of dedicating a day to promote the habit of saving was introduced.
• The objective was to create a savings culture among people of all age groups and professions, including students, employees, and professionals in both public and private sectors.
• Historical Evolution: After World War II, particularly between 1955 and 1970, the significance of saving gained greater importance as individuals and nations recognised its role in ensuring financial stability and economic recovery.
• Over time, World Savings Day has evolved into a global campaign highlighting financial literacy, sustainable wealth creation, and responsible money management.

National Unity Day is observed on 31st October every year.

• National Unity Day 2025is observed on the 31st of October.
• National Unity Day is celebrated on behalf of the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• On that day various events will be conducted across the country and military shows will be organised for the tribute to Sardar Vallabhai Patel.

History

• The National Unity Day was first started in the year 2014 by our Honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi to honour the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on 31st October 1875.
• He made a huge contribution to bringing all the scattered states into one nation after independence. He was also the first deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India.
• The credit for bringing this National Unity Day goes to our Honourable Prime Minister of India. National Unity Day is also called Rashtriya Ekta Diwas Day.
• The same day the Statue of Unity was opened in 2018 by our Prime Minister in remembrance of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• It was the highest statue in the world. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation announced the Statue of Unity as the eighth World Wonder.

Halloween Day is observed on 31st October.

• Halloween Day is observed on the 31st of October.
• Halloween Day is celebrated and believed to make happy to the Untimely dead individuals happy. On this day they collect the skeletons of the dead individuals believing that it is their body, making ceremonies to make their souls happy.

History

• Halloween had its origin in the festival of Samhain among the Celts of ancient Britain and Ireland.
• The Observance of Halloween is mainly non-religious. The Next day, November 1 is believed to be a new calendar year.
• That date was considered the beginning of the winter period. On this Day People set a campfire on the hilltop to show that bad evils are burnt and the people wear different kinds of masks to show that ghosts will go back from their place after seeing them.
• People who died on the day of the Samhain festival believed that their souls returned to their homes. People who died that year believed that they would go to another world.

Daily CA One-Liner: 31 October

• Union Minister for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare and Rural Development, Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, inaugurated the National FPO (Farmer Producer Organisation) Conclave 2025 in New Delhi
• Renowned chef and Padma Shri awardee Sanjeev Kapoor has been recognised by the World Food Prize Foundation (WFPF) as one of its 2025 Top Agri-Food Pioneers (TAP) for his outstanding contributions to nutrition, sustainable agriculture, and food system innovation
• Former U.S. President Donald Trump was conferred with South Korea’s highest national honour, the Grand Order of Mugunghwa, during his official visit to Seoul
• The National Communications Academy (NCA), Department of Telecommunications (DoT), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC) at Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi, in the presence of Dr. Neeraj Mittal, Chairman DCC & Secretary
• The Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE), Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Persolkelly India Pvt. Ltd., one of India’s leading human resource and staffing solutions companies, to enhance employment opportunities for candidates from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Backward Classes (BC) communities
• World Savings Day is observed annually on October 30 in India and on October 31 globally to raise awareness about the importance of saving money for achieving financial goals, preparing for future needs, and reducing financial stress
• From November 1, 2025, several banking and financial changes will come into effect, directly impacting bank customers, credit cardholders, and pensioners across India.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has returned the application of Jana Small Finance Bank (Jana SFB) for conversion into a universal bank, citing non-fulfilment of eligibility criteria as per RBI guidelines.
• According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, the number of Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) cards increased 7% to 483 million as of June 30, 2025, up from 436 million six months earlier.
• PayPal and OpenAI announced a partnership to enable Digital Wallet integration in ChatGPT, allowing users to purchase goods and services directly through the AI chatbot.
• India and Nepal have strengthened their energy cooperation by signing two major power agreements between POWERGRID Corporation of India and the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).
• In October 2025, the United Nations (UN) Convention against Cybercrime was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, marking a major step toward creating the world’s first global framework to combat cybercrime.
• Elon Musk’s AI company xAI launched Grokipedia (v 0.1), an open-source online encyclopedia designed to provide truthful, independent, and AI-driven information to users.
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) officially adopted “Motion 007 on Security Law”, marking the first recognition of soil security as central to food systems, water supply, biodiversity protection, and climate resilience.
• Patrick Herminie, leader of the United Seychelles (US) Party, was sworn in as the 6th President of the Republic of Seychelles after winning the presidential election held on October 12, 2025.
• Nagaland will host the 22nd Annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) India Region Zone-III Conference from 9th to 13th November 2025 at the Nagaland Legislative Assembly under the theme “Policy, Progress & People: Legislatures as Catalysts of Change.”
• The Indian Army commemorated Infantry Day (Shaurya Diwas) on Oct 27, 2025 with a Wreath Laying Ceremony at the National War Memorial, New Delhi, honouring the valour, sacrifice, and spirit of Infantry soldiers.
• Astronomers have discovered a “Super-Earth” exoplanet named GJ 251c, estimated to be about four times the mass of Earth and likely composed of rocky material, qualifying it as a super-Earth.
• National Unity Day 2025 is observed on the 31st of October.
• Halloween Day is observed on the 31st of October.