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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS
India Records Over 65,000 Crore Digital Transactions Worth Rs 12,000 Lakh Crore in Past 6 Financial Years
- The Government is actively collaborating with key stakeholders such as Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), fintechs, banks, and State Governments to enhance digital payments adoption, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.
- The RBI established the Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF) in 2021 to encourage deployment of digital payments acceptance infrastructure in tier-3 to tier-6 cities, North-Eastern States, and Jammu & Kashmir.
Key Highlights :
- As of May 31, 2025, around 4.77 crore digital payment touchpoints have been deployed under PIDF.
- Over the last six financial years (FY 2019-20 to FY 2024-25), more than 65,000 crore digital transactions amounting to over 12,000 lakh crore have been recorded.
- The RBI Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI), launched to measure the digitization of payments, stood at 465.33 in September 2024 (base period March 2018 = 100), indicating strong growth in digital payments infrastructure, adoption, and performance.
- Government, RBI, and NPCI initiatives to support MSMEs and small businesses include:
- Incentive schemes promoting low-value BHIM-UPI transactions for small merchants.
- Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) guidelines facilitate invoice discounting for MSMEs at competitive rates.
- Rationalization of Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) for debit card transactions.
- Digital payments have improved financial inclusion by:
- Reducing cash dependency.
- Enabling seamless, traceable transactions via platforms like UPI.
- Creating financial footprints for individuals and businesses, which serve as alternative data for assessing creditworthiness.
- Facilitating greater access to formal credit channels.
- Encouraging participation of underserved and unserved communities into the formal financial ecosystem.
- Digital payments have empowered small vendors, rural users, and MSMEs to accept payments digitally, fostering a formal and transparent economy.
Recent News :
- In June 2025, National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), in partnership with JCB International, announced a limited-time 25% cashback offerfor RuPay debit and credit cardholders.
About Ministry of Finance:
- Cabinet Minister: Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
- Minister of State (MoS): Shri Pankaj Chaudhary, Dr. Bhagwat Kishanrao Karad
New Digital Credit Assessment Model Uses Real-Time Data to Accelerate Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Loan Approvals
- The New Digital Credit Assessment Model for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was announced in Union Budget 2024-25 and launched on 6th March 2025 by the Union Finance Minister.
- The model mandates Public Sector Banks (PSBs) to build in-house capability for credit assessment of MSMEs, moving away from external assessment
- It uses digital footprints of MSMEs for credit scoring, enabling automated loan appraisal and model-based limit assessment for both Existing to Bank (ETB) and New to Bank (NTB)
Key Highlights :
Key digital data sources include:
- PAN authentication via NSDL
- Mobile and email verification through OTP
- GST data fetch via APIs
- Bank statement analysis via account aggregators
- Income Tax Returns (ITR) upload and verification
- Credit bureau data via APIs
- Fraud checks through APIs
- The model replaces manual underwriting based on physical documents with a fully digital application and assessment process.
- The eligibility criteria for MSME loans remain the same, but the process is simplified, more user-friendly, and standardized.
- Between April 1 and July 15, 2025, about 98,995 MSME loan applications were sanctioned using this model.
- The model reduces turnaround time (TAT) significantly, with credit decisions made in up to one day.
- Benefits to MSMEs include:Online application submission from anywhere, Reduced paperwork and branch visits, Instant in-principle sanction digitally, Seamless credit processing, Faster, transparent, and objective credit decisions based on transactional behavior and credit history.
- The system minimizes subjectivity, fraudulent information, and errors by using system-generated credit logic and scorecards.
- Business Rule Engines (BREs) of banks capture all credit risks as per their credit risk management policy.
Over 74.7% of rural households anticipate income growth in the next year- NABARD survey
- Over 74.7% rural households expect their incomes to increase in the next one year, according to a bi-monthly survey by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in July 2025.
- This is the highest level of rural optimism since NABARD started the Rural Economic Conditions and Sentiments Survey in September 2024.
- The survey attributes this positive sentiment partly to the satisfactory progress of the southwest monsoon.
Key Highlights :
- Consumption-led growth buoyancy continues with 76.6% households reporting increased consumption over the last year.
- Only 3.2% households reported a decline in consumption, the lowest since the survey began.
- In July 2025, 56.4% of households expect income improvement, and 56.2% expect better employment conditions in the next quarter, both reaching peak levels.
- The survey covers 600 villages and 6,000 households across 28 states and Jammu & Kashmir, representing over 99% of India’s rural population.
- The average share of income spent on consumption rose to 65.6%, the highest among all six survey rounds.
- 76.1% of rural households reported improved rural infrastructure, with only 2.6% reporting deterioration, the lowest so far.
- Around 10% of average monthly income of rural households comes from cash transfers, food and fertilizer subsidies, and fiscal incentives from central and state governments.
- The share of households taking loans from only formal sources peaked at 52.6% in July 2025.
- Among informal credit sources, friends and relatives are more common than money lenders.
- The survey noted a trend of increased financial savings and reduced borrowing despite income growth.
Recent News :
- In June 2025, The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)has received federal government approval to raise up to ₹19,500 crore ($2.3 billion) through deep-discount bonds.
About NABARD:
- It is an All India Development Financial Institution (DFI) and an apex Supervisory Body for overall supervision of Regional Rural Banks, State Cooperative Banks and District Central Cooperative Banks in India.
- Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
- Founded: July 12, 1982 by the Government of India
- Chairman: Shaji K V
Reserve Bank of India Launches 111th Round of Quarterly Industrial Outlook Survey to Gauge Manufacturing Sector Sentiments
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched the 111th round of the Quarterly Industrial Outlook Survey (IOS) to assess business sentiments in the Indian manufacturing sector.
- The survey covers Q2:2025-26 (current quarter) and Q3:2025-26 (ensuing quarter), with insights on demand conditions, financial conditions, employment conditions, and the price situation.
- RBI has also launched the 46th round of the Services and Infrastructure Outlook Survey (SIOS).
- The SIOS evaluates the business situation in the services and infrastructure sectors, based on the same set of indicators for Q2:2025-26 and Q3:2025-26.
- Both surveys further include an outlook for Q4:2025-26 and Q1:2026-27 on key business parameters.
About RBI :
- Established : 1 April 1935
- Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Governor : Sanjay Malhotra
Reserve Bank of India extends IndusInd Bank oversight committee tenure by one month till August 28, 2025
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extended the tenure of IndusInd Bank’s oversight committee by one month until August 28, 2025.
- The extension comes as the bank continues its search for a new Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) following the resignation of Sumant Kathpalia.
- Kathpalia resigned on April 29, 2025, taking moral responsibility for accounting lapses in the bank’s derivatives portfolio, which had a financial implication of ₹1,960 crore.
- The oversight committee was originally formed after Kathpalia’s resignation and was initially scheduled to serve till July 28, 2025.
- The committee members include Soumitra Sen (Head – Consumer Banking) and Anil Rao (Chief Administrative Officer), overseeing bank operations until the new MD and CEO takes charge or for a maximum period of three months from April 29, 2025.
- In March 2025, IndusInd Bank disclosed that the accounting lapses in derivatives portfolio had an adverse impact of 2.35% of the bank’s net worth as of December 2024.
About IndusInd Bank:
- Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Founded Year: 1994
- Slogan: “We Make You Feel Richer”
Reserve Bank of India lifts Corrective Action Plan restrictions on Religare Finvest
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has withdrawn the Corrective Action Plan (CAP) conditions imposed on Religare Finvest Limited (RFL) with immediate effect.
- There has been a change in management and directors of Religare Finvest.
- RFL, a material wholly-owned subsidiary of Religare Enterprises Limited (REL), operates in the affordable housing finance
- The CAP was imposed by RBI in January 2018 on RFL due to regulatory concerns.
- Recently, Religare Enterprises (REL) secured ₹1,500 crore growth capital from a group of investors led by the Burman family of Dabur, the company’s promoter group.
- The capital infusion was done through a preferential allotment at ₹235 per share.
SBI Securities unveils zero-fee intraday trading plan for retail investors
- SBICAP Securities Limited launched ProZero, a new trading plan that eliminates brokerage fees for intraday equity and derivative trades.
- The plan targets retail traders seeking cost-effective trading solutions in India’s competitive brokerage market.
- Under ProZero, traders can execute intraday trades in equities, futures, and options without paying brokerage charges.
- Other trading activities continue under SBI Securities’ existing flat fee structure of ₹20 per order.
- The plan is available on mobile app and web platforms with no hidden fees or additional platform charges.
- ProZero integrates with SBI Securities’ research and real-time trading platform ecosystem.
- The company expects ProZero to attract both new market participants and experienced high-frequency intraday traders.
- SBI Securities, a subsidiary of State Bank of India, is a full-service stockbroker offering equity trading, derivatives, mutual funds, and portfolio management services.
- ProZero launch aligns with SBI Securities’ strategy to expand its presence among fee-sensitive retail traders while maintaining its research-driven service model.
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India imposes ₹3.39 crore penalty on Star Health for violating cyber security norms
- The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) imposed a penalty of ₹3.39 crore and issued a warning to Star Health and Allied Insurance Company for violating information and cyber security norms.
- There is a rising concern over norm violations by insurers, including a high incidence of mis-selling.
- To strengthen enforcement, IRDAI has formed special panels comprising whole-time members to address violations of the Insurance Act and related regulations by insurers and intermediaries.
- Star Health, founded in 2006 by Venkatasamy Jagannathan and headquartered in Chennai, is India’s first standalone health insurer.
- Anand Roy, appointed in May 2023, is the Managing Director & CEO of Star Health.
- IRDAI’s penalty and warning are based on violations under the IRDAI Information & Cyber Security Guidelines, 2023.
- This move signals the regulator’s intention to take stricter actions against insurers violating regulatory norms
Recent News :
- In June 2025, The IRDAIhas imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Edelweiss Life Insurance Company for violation of corporate governance norms.
About IRDAI:
- Headquarters (HQ): Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Chairperson:Ajay Seth
- Founded: 1999
CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS
Prime Minister Narendra Modi Inaugurates New Tuticorin Airport Terminal and Launches ₹4800 Cr Infrastructure Projects in Tamil Nadu
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new terminal building at Tuticorin Airport and laid the foundation for development projects worth ₹4800 crore in Tamil Nadu, marking a significant push toward regional connectivity and infrastructure development.
Key Highlights:
Tuticorin Airport Terminal:
- The terminal spans 17,340 sq. meters and is designed to handle 20 lakh passengers annually, enhancing aviation capacity in southern Tamil Nadu.
NH-36 Development:
- 4-laning of the 50 km Sethiyathope–Cholapuram stretch inaugurated, which includes three bypasses to improve highway flow and local access.
Bridge and Flyover Projects:
- PM inaugurated a 1-km four-lane bridge over the Kollidam River.
- Also launched 4 major bridges, 7 flyovers, and multiple underpasses, significantly improving connectivity to the Delta region’s cultural and agricultural centers.
NH-138 Tuticorin Port Road:
- 6-laning of 5.16 km stretch near the port completed at a cost of ₹200 crore, which will streamline cargo transport and boost port-led industrial development.
V.O. Chidambaranar Port Project:
- Inauguration of North Cargo Berth-III, built at a cost of ₹285 crore, to enhance cargo handling capacity at the port.
Railway Infrastructure Development:
- Inauguration of electrification of the 99 km Madurai–Bodinayakkanur line.
- PM also launched the ₹650 crore doubling of the 21 km Nagercoil Town–Kanniyakumari section.
- Doubling of the Aralvaymozhi–Nagercoil Junction and Tirunelveli–Melappalayam sections also inaugurated.
RECENT NEWS
- Tamil Nadu has officially joined the league of Indian states with dedicated space sector policies by unveiling its Space Industrial Policy in April 2025. Aimed at boosting economic growth and job creation, the policy seeks to attract ₹10,000 crore in investments over the next five years.
About Tamil Nadu:
- Capital: Chennai
- Chief Minister: K. Stalin
- Governor: N. Ravi
- National Parks: Mudumalai National Park, Mukurthi National Park, Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park, Guindy National Park
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary, Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS
China begins construction of $167.8 billion hydropower dam on Brahmaputra near Arunachal border
- China has officially begun constructing a massive $167.8 billion hydropower dam on the Brahmaputra River near the Indian border in Arunachal Pradesh.
- The groundbreaking ceremony was attended by Premier Li Qiang.
- Once completed, it will be the world’s largest dam with a generation capacity of 60,000 MW—three times the capacity of China’s Three Gorges Dam.
- The project includes five cascade hydropower stations, with an estimated investment of around 2 trillion Yuan (~USD 167.8 billion).
- The dam is being built on the Yarlung Zangbo River (the Brahmaputra’s name in Tibet), near the “Great Bend” in Tibet, just before the river enters Arunachal Pradesh as the Siang River.
- The project has raised serious concerns in India and Bangladesh about its potential impact on the river’s natural flow and downstream water availability.
- The Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh described the dam as an “existential threat” and warned it could act like a “water bomb” with sudden water releases, possibly flooding the entire Siang region.
- The dam was announced in 2021 and is expected to be a major hydropower project with significant geopolitical and environmental implications.
Recent News :
- In June 2025, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh have agreed to advance cooperation based on principles of good-neighbour liness, equality, and mutual trust.
About China:
- Capital: Beijing
- Currency: Renminbi (CNY)
- President: Xi Jinping
- Prime Minister: Li Qiang
World Health Organization launches global initiative to make eyecare affordable and accessible for all by 2030
- The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a global initiative called SPECS 2030 to increase access to affordable and quality eye care by raising the effective coverage of refractive error (eREC) by 40 percentage points by 2030.
- The initiative was endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2021.
- SPECS 2030 focuses on five strategic pillars:
- Services – improving access to refractive eye care services.
- Personnel – building workforce capacity in eyecare.
- Education – raising public awareness about eye health.
- Cost – reducing the price of eyeglasses and related services.
- Surveillance – strengthening data collection and research in eye care.
- To support global coordination, WHO has created the Global SPECS Network, which unites intergovernmental organizations to collaborate on eyecare initiatives worldwide.
About WHO :
- Formation : 7 April 1948
- Headquarters : Geneva, Switzerland
- Director-General : Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Government proposes one-year extension for NTPC Chairman and Managing Director Gurdeep Singh until July 31, 2026
- The government has proposed to extend the tenure of Gurdeep Singh, Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of NTPC, by one year until 31 July 2026.
- Gurdeep Singh was originally due to retire on July 31, 2025, but will now continue to lead India’s largest power producer under the Ministry of Power till July-end 2026.
- The extension comes as the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB) was unable to find a suitable successor despite advertising the post in October 2024.
- In November 2024, NTPC listed its green energy subsidiary, NTPC Green Energy Ltd, which aims to build a renewable energy portfolio of 60 GW by 2030.
- The NTPC Group’s total installed capacity (including subsidiaries and joint ventures) stands at 82.83 GW, of which approximately 64 GW is coal-based.
Government extends Department of Telecommunications official Ravi A Robert Jerard’s additional charge as Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited for second time
- The government has extended the additional charge of DoT senior official Ravi A Robert Jerard as Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of telecom PSUs BSNL and MTNL for the second time.
- Jerard was appointed CMD of the telecom PSUs on July 14, 2024, after the Appointment Committee of Cabinet (ACC) denied extension to the then CMD PK Purwar.
- During his tenure, Ravi Jerard has played a key role in expediting the installation of BSNL’s 4G network and finalising the tender for BharatNet Phase 3.
- The BharatNet Phase 3 project aims to connect 6.4 lakh villages and all 2.64 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) across India.
- BharatNet is implemented in a phased manner to provide broadband connectivity to Gram Panchayats nationwide.
- As of October 2024, under BharatNet Phase I and Phase II, 2,14,283 Gram Panchayats have been made service-ready.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS
Geetanjali Shree Wins PEN Translates Award 2025 for ‘Once Elephants Lived Here’
- Renowned Hindi author Geetanjali Shree, already celebrated globally for her International Booker Prize-winning novel Tomb of Sand (Ret Samadhi), has once again brought pride to Indian literature.
- Her latest literary work, ‘Once Elephants Lived Here’, translated into English by Daisy Rockwell, has been selected as one of the 14 titles to win the prestigious PEN Translates Award 2025, conferred by English PEN, a UK-based human rights and literary organisation.
- This achievement reinforces Geetanjali Shree’s position as a significant global literary voice from India and adds another milestone to the recognition of Hindi and regional language literature on international platforms.
About the PEN Translates Award
- The PEN Translates Award is a prominent literary award instituted by English PEN, aimed at supporting the translation of exceptional literary works into English. The award seeks to promote diversity in global literature by selecting works from a wide array of languages and regions.
For the 2025 edition, the award recognised:
- 14 books
- 13 different languages
- Representing 11 global regions
- Geetanjali Shree’s Once Elephants Lived Here was chosen for its profound cultural narrative, and the translation by Daisy Rockwell was commended for preserving the originality, tone, and depth of the Hindi text.
About Geetanjali Shree
- Geetanjali Shree is an acclaimed Hindi novelist and short story writer.
- She achieved global literary prominence in 2022 when her novel Tomb of Sand won the International Booker Prize, making it the first Hindi novel to do so.
- Known for her lyrical and innovative narrative style, her writing often explores themes related to cultural identity, memory, gender, and the socio-political landscape.
- Her collaboration with Daisy Rockwell, who translated both Tomb of Sand and Once Elephants Lived Here, has been central to the international appreciation of her work.
17 MPs honoured with Sansad Ratna Awards for Parliamentary performance
- The Sansad Ratna Awards 2025 were presented at Maharashtra Sadan in New Delhi, honouring 17 Members of Parliament (MPs) for their outstanding contributions in the Lok Sabha.
- These awards celebrate exemplary parliamentary performance, reinforcing the values of democracy, accountability, and legislative productivity.
Key Highlights:
- Award Purpose: The Sansad Ratna Awards aim to acknowledge parliamentarians who demonstrate excellence and consistency in debates, questions, private members’ bills, and committee participation.
- Notable Winners (Lok Sabha Performance):
- Supriya Sule – Nationalist Congress Party-Sharadchandra Pawar (NCP-SP)
- Ravi Kishan – Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- Nishikant Dubey – BJP
- Arvind Sawant – Shiv Sena–Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray (UBT)
- Special Jury Awards were given to four MPs for consistent and top performance across three consecutive Lok Sabhas (16th to 18th):
- Bhartruhari Mahtab – BJP, Odisha
- N. K. Premachandran – Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Kerala
- Supriya Sule – NCP-SP, Maharashtra
- Shrirang Appa Barne – Shiv Sena, Maharashtra
- Other Award-Winning MPs:
- Smita Uday Wagh – BJP
- Naresh Mhaske – Shiv Sena
- Varsha Gaikwad – Indian National Congress
- Medha Kulkarni – BJP
- Praveen Patel – BJP
- Bidyut Baran Mahato – BJP
- Dilip Saikia – BJP
- Committee Category Awards:
- Standing Committee on Finance – Chaired by Bhartruhari Mahtab, recognized for its insightful reports and policy contributions.
- Standing Committee on Agriculture – Chaired by Dr. Charanjit Singh Channi (Congress), awarded for impactful legislative oversight.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS
Competition Commission of India Approves Proposed Combination Involving Anantam Highways Trust, Alpha Alternatives, Dilip Buildcon, and DBL Infraventures
- The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed combination involving Anantam Highways Trust (InvIT), Alpha Alternatives Fund Advisors LLP (Alpha Alternatives) & others (Sponsor and Sponsor Group), and Dilip Buildcon (DBL) & DBL Infraventures (DIPL).
- The Proposed Combination involves the InvIT, through its Investment Manager, acquiring from shareholders of the Target SPVs:
- 100% shareholding of eight highway companies:
- Dodaballapur Hoskote Highways Limited
- Repallewada Highways Limited
- Dhrol Bhadra Highways Limited
- Narenpur Purnea Highways Limited
- Villuppuram Highways Limited
- Bangalore Malur Highways Limited
- Malur Bangarpet Highways Limited
- DPJ Pollachi HAM Project Private Limited
- 49% stake in PHL.
- As consideration, shareholders of Target SPVs (Sponsor, Sponsor Group, DBL, DIPL) will be allotted units in the InvIT upon listing.
- DBL Infraventures (DIPL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of DBL, together forming the DBL Group.
Recent News : - In May 2025, The Competition Commission of India (CCI)has approved the proposed acquisition of shareholding in EPL Limited by Indorama Netherlands B.V.
About CCI:
- The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body within the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and is responsible for enforcing the Competition Act of 2002.
- Founded: October 14, 2003
- Headquarters: New Delhi, India
- Chairperson: Ravneet Kaur
Competition Commission of India clears Renault Group B.V. and Renault S.A.S. proposal to acquire stake in Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited
- The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed acquisition of certain shareholding in Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited by Renault Group B.V. and Renault S.A.S.
- The acquisition involves equity shares and zero-coupon non-convertible redeemable preference shares held by Nissan Motor Company Ltd. Japan and Nissan Overseas Investments B.V. (collectively, the Sellers).
- The Acquirers are Renault Group B.V. (Acquirer 1) and its nominee Renault S.A.S. (Acquirer 2), collectively referred to as the Proposed Combination.
- Acquirer 1 specializes in designing, manufacturing, and marketing of passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, and electric vehicles, along with providing mobility services worldwide.
- Acquirer 2 is engaged in the study, construction, trading, repair, maintenance, and rental of motor vehicles, including manufacturing vehicle parts and related services.
- Both Acquirers are controlled by Renault S.A., forming part of the Renault Group.
- The Target company, Renault Nissan Automotive India Pvt Ltd, is involved in the manufacturing and assembly of passenger vehicles, including transmissions, vehicle parts, and related services for Renault and Nissan.
- This acquisition represents a strategic consolidation within the automotive sector in India under the Renault Group.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS
Defence Research & Development Organisation Successfully Completes Two Consecutive Flight Tests of Pralay Missile
- The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted two consecutive flight-tests of the Pralay missile on July 28 & 29, 2025 from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha coast.
- The tests were part of User Evaluation Trials to validate the missile’s maximum and minimum range capabilities.
- Both missiles followed the intended trajectory and hit the target with pin-point accuracy, meeting all test objectives.
- All subsystems performed as expected, verified by data from tracking sensors deployed by the Integrated Test Range (ITR), including ship-based instruments near the impact point.
Key Highlights :
- Pralay missile is an indigenously-developed solid propellant quasi-ballistic missile with state-of-the-art guidance and navigation systems ensuring high precision.
- It is capable of carrying multiple types of warheads targeting various threats.
- Developed by Research Centre Imarat along with multiple DRDO labs including Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Advanced Systems Laboratory, Armament Research & Development Establishment, High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, Research & Development Establishment (Engineers), and the Integrated Test Range.
- In collaboration with industry partners like Bharat Dynamics Limited, Bharat Electronics Limited, and several other industries and MSMEs.
- The tests were witnessed by senior DRDO scientists, representatives from the Indian Air Force and Indian Army, and industry officials.
Recent News :
- In June 2025, The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has offered 28 indigenous weapon systems for emergency procurement by India’s armed forces — Army, Navy, and Air Force.
About DRDO:
- Founded: 1958
- Headquarters: New Delhi, India
- Parent Ministry: Ministry of Defence, Government of India
- Chairman: Dr. Samir V. Kamat
CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS
Divya Deshmukh Triumphs at FIDE Women’s Chess World Cup 2025, Becomes India’s Fourth Female Grandmaster
- Seventeen-year-old Divya Deshmukh made history in Batumi, Georgia, by defeating India’s first woman Grandmaster and World No. 5, Koneru Humpy, in the rapid tiebreaks to win the FIDE Women’s Chess World Cup.
- After two classical games ended in draws, Divya held Humpy to a solid draw in the first rapid game and, with Black in the second, capitalized on a critical endgame mistake to convert her advantage with precision, clinching the title and her Grandmaster
Key Highlights:
- Historic Victory & GM Title: Divya’s win made her India’s fourth female Grandmaster, joining Koneru Humpy, Vaishali, and Harika Dronavalli.
- At 19 years old, she entered as World No. 18, overcoming odds against her senior opponent.
- Crowned World Junior Girls’ Champion 2024, and instrumental in India’s gold medal (and her individual gold) at the 2022 Chess Olympiad in Budapest.
Underdog Resolve: Despite missing winning chances in the first classical game—which “felt like a loss”—she remained composed to seize her rapid opportunity. - Koneru Humpy’s Legacy: At 37, Humpy praised Divya’s preparation and acknowledged the youngster was “clearly better” during critical phases; Humpy herself broke Judit Polgar’s youngest-GM record at age 15.
- The result underscores India’s growing dominance in global women’s chess, adds momentum to the rise of young Indian talents, and inspires a new generation to aim for the highest titles.
About FIDE
- Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
- Founded: 20 July 1924, Paris, France
- President: Arkady Dvorkovich
- Membership: 203 national associations
India Concludes Rhine-Ruhr 2025 FISU World University Games with 12 Medals
- India wrapped up its campaign at the Rhine-Ruhr 2025 FISU World University Games in Duisburg, Germany, with a total of 12 medals, comprising:
- 2 Gold
- 5 Silver
- 5 Bronze
- These medals were won across athletics, archery, badminton, and tennis, reflecting India’s growing depth in multiple disciplines at the university level.
Final Day Performance – 3 Medals Secured
India ended the event strongly by winning three medals on the final day.
Silver Medal – Ankita Dhyani in Women’s 3000m Steeplechase
- Ankita Dhyani claimed silver in the 3,000 m steeplechase.
- She finished behind Ilona Mononen of Finland, who clocked 9:31.86.
- Germany’s Adia Budde secured the bronze with a time of 9:33.34.
- Ankita had previously competed in the 5000 m at the Paris Olympics and switched to steeplechase in late 2024.
Bronze Medal – Women’s 20 km Race Walk (Team Event)
- The Indian team, comprising Sejal Singh, Munita Prajapati, and Mansi Negi, secured bronze.
- They clocked a combined time of 4:56:06 hours.
- Sejal Singh finished 15th individually.
Bronze Medal – Men’s 4x100m Relay
- The relay team included Lalu Prasad Bhoi, Animesh Kujur, Manikanta Hoblidhar, and Dondapati Mrutyum Jayaram.
- They clocked 38.89 seconds, finishing behind South Korea and South Africa.
Strong Showing in Archery
India performed notably in the compound archery events, winning multiple medals:
- Gold in the Mixed Team Event
- Gold (Individual) by Sahil Rajesh Jadhav
- Silver (Individual) by Parneet Kaur
- Silver and Bronze in the team events
Historic Medal in Badminton
- India bagged its second-ever badminton medal at the FISU Games with a bronze in the mixed team event.
- Vaishnavi Adkar won a bronze medal in women’s singles.
- This marked India’s first-ever tennis medal at the FISU Games since Nandan Bal’s silver in 1979.
Medal Tally Comparison with Previous Edition
| Edition | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 2023 (Chengdu) | 11 | – | – | 26 |
| 2025 (Rhine-Ruhr) | 2 | 5 | 5 | 12 |
- Although India’s medal count was lower compared to the 2023 Chengdu Games, where it secured 26 medals including 11 golds, the 2025 campaign marked progress in new sports and athletic events, indicating a broadening of the country’s sporting base at the university level.
England triumph is most-watched TV moment of 2025
- England’s thrilling triumph in the UEFA Women’s Euro 2025 Final against Spain not only secured a footballing legacy but also became the most-watched television event in the UK for the year 2025 so far.
- This iconic match captured hearts and screens across the nation, cementing its place as a moment of national pride and sporting excellence.
Key Highlights:
- The England women’s football team, managed by Sarina Wiegman, defended their European title by defeating Spain on penalties after a 1-1 draw in regular time.
- The final took place in Basel, Switzerland.
- Chloe Kelly, the hero of Euro 2022, once again stepped up to score the decisive penalty, clinching the victory.
- Goalkeeper Hannah Hampton was instrumental, making two crucial saves in the penalty shootout.
- The peak live audience across all BBC platforms reached 12.2 million viewers.
- On BBC One alone, the match peaked at 11.6 million viewers, capturing 59% of all TV audiences.
- The match was also broadcast on ITV, boosting overall accessibility.
India’s Golden Moment in Junior Badminton: Tanvi Sharma & Vennala Kalagotla Shine at Badminton Asia Junior Championships 2025
- The stellar performances of Tanvi Sharma and Vennala Kalagotla at the Badminton Asia Junior Championships 2025 marked a historic breakthrough for Indian junior badminton.
- Their achievements not only broke previous records but also signaled India’s growing strength in women’s singles badminton at the continental level.
About the Tournament
- The Badminton Asia Junior Championships is an annual U-19 level tournament featuring top young talent across Asia.
- India had previously seen success in individual and team events, with players like PV Sindhu, Sameer Verma, and Lakshya Sen winning medals.
- However, India had never won two women’s singles medals in the same edition—until 2025.
Significance of Their Achievements
- This is the first time India won two women’s singles medals in one edition of the championship.
- Their success demonstrates the growing depth in Indian women’s junior badminton.
- It sets a strong foundation for both shuttlers to move into senior-level international competitions, potentially strengthening India’s future global medal tally.
India’s Past Notable Moments at the Championships
- 2011: Three medals, including PV Sindhu (Bronze) and Sameer Verma (Silver).
- 2012: PV Sindhu secured India’s first gold at the tournament.
- 2018: Lakshya Sen claimed India’s second gold.
- While previous editions had notable individual wins, 2025 marks a unique milestone with two Indian women’s singles players reaching the podium together.
Riley Powell Defeats Pankaj Advani at IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship 2025
- In a significant upset at the IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship 2025, 16-year-old Riley Powell from Wales defeated Indian snooker legend Pankaj Advani in a thrilling final held in Manama, Bahrain.
- The match ended 5-4 in Powell’s favour, denying Advani a record 29th world title on his 40th birthday.
- The result signifies the growing presence of young cueists in the international arena.
About the Tournament
- The IBSF (International Billiards and Snooker Federation) World 6-Red Championship is a prestigious global snooker tournament.
- It follows a modified version of snooker, using only six red balls instead of the usual fifteen.
- The 6-Red format is known for its fast-paced and attacking gameplay.
- Pankaj Advani, India’s most decorated cueist, entered as a wildcard and was aiming for his 29th world title.
Key Results
- Winner: Riley Powell (Wales)
- Runner-up: Pankaj Advani (India)
CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS
World Hepatitis Day: July 28
- Every year on July 28, World Hepatitis Day is observed globally to increase awareness about hepatitis, a silent yet potentially fatal liver disease.
- The date honors the birth anniversary of Baruch Blumberg, the Nobel laureate who discovered the Hepatitis B virus and developed the first vaccine for it.
Key Highlights:
- The 2025 campaign theme, “Hepatitis: Let’s Break It Down,” focuses on breaking down financial, social, and systemic barriers that hinder timely care. This effort aligns with the global target to eliminate hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.
- Despite being both preventable and treatable, millions worldwide remain affected, often without knowing it, making early detection, vaccination, and awareness
- World Hepatitis Day is recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) and serves as a global platform to emphasise the urgent need for:
- Universal access to hepatitis prevention and treatment
- Early diagnosis to stop silent liver damage
- Awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and misinformation surrounding the disease
World Day Against Trafficking in Persons 2025: July 30
- Every year, World Day Against Trafficking in Persons 2025 is observed on 30th July to build awareness of the anxiety of human trafficking victims and to promote and protect their rights.
- THEME 2025. “Human trafficking is Organized Crime – End the Exploitation”
History
- In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Global Plan of Action to deal with trafficking in persons, urging governments all around the world to make coordinated and consistent efforts to defeat this misfortune.
- The plan has a motive to integrate the fight against human trafficking into the broader programs of the United Nations in order to stimulate development and strengthen security all over the world.
- One of the important provisions in the plan is to establish a UN Voluntary Trust Fund for victims of trafficking including women and children.
- In 2013, the UN General Assembly arranged a high-level meeting to work on the Global Plan of Action.
- The member states took on a resolution A/RES/68/192 and designated 30 July as the World Day against Trafficking in Persons.
- This resolution emphasized that the day was important to “raise awareness of the situation of victims of human trafficking and for the promotion and protection of their rights.”
Daily CA One- Liner: July 30
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new terminal building at Tuticorin Airport and laid the foundation for development projects worth ₹4800 crore in Tamil Nadu, marking a significant push toward regional connectivity and infrastructure development.
- Renowned Hindi author Geetanjali Shree, already celebrated globally for her International Booker Prize-winning novel Tomb of Sand (Ret Samadhi), has once again brought pride to Indian literature
- The Sansad Ratna Awards 2025 were presented at Maharashtra Sadan in New Delhi, honouring 17 Members of Parliament (MPs) for their outstanding contributions in the Lok Sabha
- Seventeen-year-old Divya Deshmukh made history in Batumi, Georgia, by defeating India’s first woman Grandmaster and World No. 5, Koneru Humpy, in the rapid tiebreaks to win the FIDE Women’s Chess World Cup
- India wrapped up its campaign at the Rhine-Ruhr 2025 FISU World University Games in Duisburg, Germany, with a total of 12 medals
- England’s thrilling triumph in the UEFA Women’s Euro 2025 Final against Spain not only secured a footballing legacy but also became the most-watched television event in the UK for the year 2025 so far
- The stellar performances of Tanvi Sharma and Vennala Kalagotla at the Badminton Asia Junior Championships 2025 marked a historic breakthrough for Indian junior badminton
- In a significant upset at the IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship 2025, 16-year-old Riley Powell from Wales defeated Indian snooker legend Pankaj Advani in a thrilling final held in Manama, Bahrain
- Every year on July 28, World Hepatitis Day is observed globally to increase awareness about hepatitis, a silent yet potentially fatal liver disease
- Every year, World Day Against Trafficking in Persons 2025 is observed on 30th July to build awareness of the anxiety of human trafficking victims and to promote and protect their rights.
- The Government is actively collaborating with key stakeholders such as Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), fintechs, banks, and State Governments to enhance digital payments adoption, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.
- The New Digital Credit Assessment Model for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was announced in Union Budget 2024-25 and launched on 6th March 2025 by the Union Finance Minister.
- Over 74.7% rural households expect their incomes to increase in the next one year, according to a bi-monthly survey by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in July 2025.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched the 111th round of the Quarterly Industrial Outlook Survey (IOS) to assess business sentiments in the Indian manufacturing sector.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extended the tenure of IndusInd Bank’s oversight committee by one month until August 28, 2025.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has withdrawn the Corrective Action Plan (CAP) conditions imposed on Religare Finvest Limited (RFL) with immediate effect.
- SBICAP Securities Limited launched ProZero, a new trading plan that eliminates brokerage fees for intraday equity and derivative trades.
- The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) imposed a penalty of ₹3.39 crore and issued a warning to Star Health and Allied Insurance Company for violating information and cyber security norms.
- China has officially begun constructing a massive $167.8 billion hydropower dam on the Brahmaputra River near the Indian border in Arunachal Pradesh.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a global initiative called SPECS 2030 to increase access to affordable and quality eye care by raising the effective coverage of refractive error (eREC) by 40 percentage points by 2030.
- The government has proposed to extend the tenure of Gurdeep Singh, Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of NTPC, by one year until 31 July 2026.
- The government has extended the additional charge of DoT senior official Ravi A Robert Jerard as Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of telecom PSUs BSNL and MTNL for the second time.
- The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed combination involving Anantam Highways Trust (InvIT), Alpha Alternatives Fund Advisors LLP (Alpha Alternatives) & others (Sponsor and Sponsor Group), and Dilip Buildcon (DBL) & DBL Infraventures (DIPL).
- The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed acquisition of certain shareholding in Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited by Renault Group B.V. and Renault S.A.S.
- The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted two consecutive flight-tests of the Pralay missile on July 28 & 29, 2025 from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha coast.
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