Daily Current Affairs 07th October 2025 | Latest News | Download PDF

By Ameena Ameena - Oct 07 2025

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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Government keeps small savings scheme interest rates unchanged for seventh straight quarter starting October 2025

  • The Government of India has kept interest rates unchanged for various small savings schemes, including Public Provident Fund (PPF) and National Savings Certificate (NSC), for the seventh consecutive quarter beginning October 1, 2025.

Key Highlights :

  • The Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme will continue to offer an interest rate of 8.2%, while a three-year term deposit will earn 7.1%.
  • The Public Provident Fund (PPF) interest rate remains unchanged at 7.1%, and post office savings deposits will continue at 4%.
  • The Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) will offer 7.5% interest with a maturity period of 115 months.
  • The National Savings Certificate (NSC) will continue to offer 7.7% interest for the October–December 2025 quarter.
  • The Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS) will provide 8.2% interest, ensuring regular income for retirees.
  • The Monthly Income Scheme will earn 7.4% for investors during the third quarter of FY 2025-26.
  • The PPF interest rate is reviewed quarterly by the Ministry of Finance and remains linked to the 10-year G-Sec yield plus a 25 basis points spread as per the Shyamala Gopinath Committee
  • PPF deposits can range from a minimum of ₹500 to a maximum of ₹1.5 lakh per financial year, and the scheme enjoys Exempt-Exempt-Exempt (EEE) tax status.
  • The PPF account matures after 15 years, with options for withdrawal or extension, and interest earned is fully tax-free under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
  • Accounts not receiving a minimum deposit of ₹500 in a financial year are discontinued but can be reactivated by paying a default fee of ₹50 per inactive year.
  • The interest on PPF is calculated monthly and credited annually at the end of each financial year.
  • In case of the death of the account holder, the nominee or legal heir can claim the amount, but further deposits are not permitted.

Reserve Bank of India data shows industrial credit growth moderating to 6.5% in August 2025

  • According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, bank credit to industry grew at a slower pace of 6.5% in August 2025, compared to 9.7% in the same period last year.
  • The RBI released data on sectoral deployment of bank credit for August 2025, collected from 41 select Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), which account for about 95% of total non-food credit.
  • On a year-on-year (y-o-y) basis, non-food bank credit grew 9.9% as of the fortnight ended August 22, 2025, compared to 13.6% in the previous year.
  • Credit to agriculture and allied activities recorded an annual growth of 7.6%, down from 17.7% in the same period last year.

Securities and Exchange Board of India extends deadline for full rollout of retail algorithmic trading framework

  • The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has extended the timeline for full implementation of its framework for safer retail participation in algorithmic (Algo) trading, initially mandated under the February 2025 circular.
  • Stock brokers ready with systems may begin implementation of the retail algo framework from October 1, 2025, while others have been given a glide path for compliance.
  • Full registration of API-based retail algo products must be completed by November 30, 2025, as per SEBI’s revised schedule.
  • To ensure readiness, brokers must participate in at least one mock trading session by January 3, 2026.
  • Brokers failing to meet deadlines will be barred from onboarding new retail clients for API-based algo trading starting January 5, 2026.
  • These measures are part of SEBI’s efforts to strengthen regulatory oversight, transparency, and risk control in retail algorithmic trading.

Bandhan Bank integrated with NPCI Bharat BillPay’s Bharat Connect platform

  • NPCI Bharat BillPay Limited. (NBBL), a wholly owned subsidiary of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has announced the integration of Bandhan Bank on its Bharat Connect
  • This integration allows Bandhan Bank customers to repay overdue EMIs across multiple loan categories such as personal loans, auto loans, and two-wheeler loans.
  • Customers can repay EMIs digitally through Bandhan Bank’s mobile app (mBandhan), Retail Internet Banking (RIB), or via over 700 apps and websites powered by Bharat Connect.
  • The Bharat Connect integration by NBBL expands the digital repayment ecosystem, enabling convenient and timely loan payments.
  • MD and CEO of Bandhan Bank : Partha Pratim Sengupta.

India’s outward remittances under Reserve Bank of India’s Liberalised Remittance Scheme fall 10.9% YoY to $2.45 billion in July 2025

  • Outward remittances under the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) declined 10.9% year-on-year (YoY) in July 2025, amounting to $2.45 billion.
  • According to RBI data, remittances for travel stood at $1.4 billion in July 2025, down from $1.6 billion last year, marking a 13% decline.
  • Remittances for studies abroad fell 16% to $0.22 billion in July 2025, compared to $0.27 billion in July 2024.
  • Total outward remittances for April–July 2025 were $6.9 billion, showing a 28% decline from the same period in 2024.

Key Highlights :

  • The Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) allows resident individuals to remit up to USD 2,50,000 per financial year for permissible current or capital account transactions like education, travel, and investments abroad.
  • The LRS was introduced on February 4, 2004, with an initial limit of USD 25,000, and has been revised upward over time based on macroeconomic conditions.
  • Under LRS, minors can also remit funds, but the declaration form must be countersigned by their natural guardian.
  • The scheme excludes entities such as corporates, partnership firms, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs), and trusts.
  • Prohibited remittances include those for lottery tickets, sweepstakes, margins, trading in foreign exchange abroad, or investments in FCCBs of Indian companies in overseas secondary markets.
  • Remittances are not allowed to FATF “non-cooperative” countries or terror-linked entities.
  • Residents using LRS can retain and reinvest income earned from overseas investments.
  • Unused or unspent foreign exchange must be repatriated within 180 days, unless reinvested abroad.
  • PAN is mandatory for all LRS transactions, and there is no limit on frequency, provided the total annual cap of USD 2,50,000 is not exceeded.
  • Remittances can be made in any freely convertible currency, not limited to USD.
  • Family members can combine remittances if each complies with LRS terms, but clubbing is not permitted for capital account transactions, unless they are co-owners.
  • Residents not permanently in India may remit their net salary, but for other income beyond USD 2,50,000, RBI approval is required.

Reserve Bank of India fines Indian Overseas Bank ₹31.8 lakh for violations in Priority Sector Lending norms

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed a penalty of ₹31.8 lakh on Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) for non-compliance with directions related to Priority Sector Lending (PSL) – Targets and Classification.
  • The penalty was imposed after supervisory findings revealed lapses and a show-cause notice was issued to the bank.
  • RBI clarified that the action is based on deficiencies in regulatory compliance and does not affect the validity of any transaction or agreement between the bank and its customers.

Artificial Intelligence could boost global trade by nearly 40% by 2040 with supportive policies, says 2025 World Trade Report

  • The 2025 World Trade Report stated that with enabling policies, artificial intelligence (AI) could increase cross-border trade in goods and services by nearly 40% by 2040, highlighting AI’s transformative potential in global trade.
  • The report emphasized that for AI-driven trade growth to be inclusive, nations must bridge the digital divide, invest in workforce upskilling, and ensure an open and predictable trading environment.
  • According to projections, global trade could rise by 34–37% by 2040, depending on the extent of policy support and technological advancement across low-, middle-, and high-income economies.

Paytm Money and JioBlackRock launch India’s first Systematic Active Equity fund for retail investors

  • Paytm Money has partnered with JioBlackRock to launch India’s first Systematic Active Equity (SAE) fund aimed at retail investors, marking a major innovation in the mutual fund industry.
  • The JioBlackRock Flexi Cap Fund is available exclusively on the Paytm Money app, with the New Fund Offer (NFO) open from September 23 to October 7, 2025.
  • The fund is India’s first equity scheme to adopt BlackRock’s SAE model, which uses artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and alternative data sources such as consumer transactions and search activity to make investment decisions.
  • The minimum investment amount is ₹500, making it affordable for retail investors to access advanced, data-driven investment strategies that were previously limited to global institutional investors.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Border Roads Organisation Constructs World’s Highest Motorable Road at 19,400 Feet in Ladakh

  • The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has built the world’s highest motorable road at 19,400 feet above sea level in Ladakh, under Project Himank, surpassing its previous record set at Umling La (19,024 ft) in 2021.
  • The road passes through Mig La Pass, forming part of the Likaru–Mig La–Fukche alignment, enhancing both strategic and tourism potential in the region.

Key Highlights:

  • The project was led by Brigadier Vishal Srivastava, who hoisted the National Flag and BRO Flag at the site.
  • The feat demonstrates engineering excellence in extreme high-altitude, low-oxygen, and sub-zero conditions.
  • Mig La Pass, located in the southern sector of eastern Ladakh near the Line of Actual Control (LAC), provides a third critical axis to reach Fukche, strengthening India’s border connectivity.
  • Strategic Significance: Enhances military logistics, rapid troop deployment, and border infrastructure for national security.
  • Civil and Tourism Benefits: Boosts adventure tourism, provides access to remote civilian settlements, and supports local development.
  • The route offers scenic views of the Indus Valley, likely to attract explorers and high-altitude driving enthusiasts.
  • The BRO had earlier achieved the Guinness World Record (2021) for the Umling La Pass road, and with this new achievement, India reaffirms its global leadership in extreme terrain infrastructure development.
  • Project Himank continues to play a crucial role in connecting India’s northernmost frontiers despite harsh weather and terrain challenges.

About Ladakh (Union Territory):

Lieutenant Governor: Kavinder Gupta

  • Capital: Leh (summer), Kargil (winter)
  • Districts: Leh and Kargil
  • National Parks: Hemis National Park
  • Wildlife Sanctuaries: Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Launches PM SETU Scheme to Modernize 1,000 ITIs Nationwide

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the PM SETU Scheme (Prime Minister’s Skill Enhancement and Technical Upgradation) during the Skills Convocation at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
  • With a budget outlay of ₹60,000 crore, the scheme aims to modernize 1,000 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) across India to make them industry-ready, addressing the skill gap and enhancing employability.
  • The initiative aligns with the national vision of “Viksit Bharat @2047”, focusing on creating a skilled, innovation-driven workforce to meet global industry demands.

About PM SETU Scheme (Skill Enhancement and Technical Upgradation):

  • The scheme seeks to revamp India’s vocational training ecosystem by transforming ITIs into modern, aspirational, and industry-integrated institutions.
  • Key focus areas:
    • Modernizing infrastructure and curriculum to match global standards.
    • Promoting industry partnerships for practical learning.
    • Establishing global-standard labs and model facilities.
    • Enhancing job readiness through outcome-oriented training.
  • The upgraded ITIs will serve as centers of excellence for both traditional and emerging sectors like Artificial Intelligence (AI), automation, green energy, robotics, and manufacturing.

Objectives of the PM SETU Yojana:

  1. Improve the quality of ITI training by upgrading facilities, workshops, and pedagogy to global standards.
  2. Align curriculum with industry needs through revised syllabi and industrial exposure.
  3. Strengthen industry partnerships to expand apprenticeships and internships.
  4. Promote holistic development by transforming ITIs into innovation and entrepreneurship hubs.
  5. Make ITIs aspirational institutions by positioning vocational training as a valued career pathway.

Budget and Implementation Plan:

  • Total Outlay: ₹60,000 crore
  • Duration: 2025–2030 (Five years)
  • Coverage: 1,000 ITIs (200 hubs and 800 spokes)
  • Beneficiaries: Approximately 2 million youth will gain employable skills.
  • Technology Integration:
    • Adoption of SAP-based digital learning systems for transparent operations.
    • Establishment of smart labs, simulation-based training, and AI-driven assessments to meet international skill standards.

National Centers of Excellence (NCoE):
Under PM SETU, five National Centers of Excellence will be set up for advanced trainer training and industry-relevant upskilling.

  • Ludhiana (Punjab): Manufacturing and Textile Engineering
  • Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh): Leather and Footwear Design
  • Bhubaneswar (Odisha): Industrial Automation and Robotics
  • Hyderabad (Telangana): Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence
  • Chennai (Tamil Nadu): Electrical and Electronics Engineering
  • Phase 1 Implementation – ITI Cluster Model:
    The scheme will be implemented through a Hub-and-Spoke Model promoting regional collaboration and shared resources.
  • 15 ITI Clusters selected in Phase 1:
    Sonipat (Haryana); Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh); Bijnor and Meerut (Uttar Pradesh); Haridwar (Uttarakhand); Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh); Bengaluru Urban (Karnataka); Bharatpur (Rajasthan); Darbhanga and Patna (Bihar); Hoshiarpur (Punjab); Hyderabad (Telangana); Sambalpur (Odisha); Chennai (Tamil Nadu); and Guwahati (Assam).
    Each cluster will specialize in key industrial domains such as manufacturing, IT, electrical engineering, and automotive technology.

South Eastern Coalfields Limited Inaugurates Coal India’s First Fully Women-Operated Central Store Unit in Korba

  • South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL), inaugurated its first fully women-operated Central Store Unit at the Central Workshop, Korba, marking a significant milestone in promoting women’s leadership in core industrial sectors.
  • The initiative was launched under the Government of India’s Special Campaign 5.0 and follows SECL’s earlier success in establishing Coal India’s first all-women-operated dispensary at Bilaspur.

Key Highlights:

  • The new Central Store Unit is entirely managed by eight women officers and staff, led by Sapna Ikka, Senior Manager (Electrical & Mechanical) and alumna of Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad.
  • The unit handles spare parts supply and inventory management through a modern SAP-based digital platform, ensuring efficiency and transparency in operations.
  • The inauguration ceremony began with lamp-lighting and was followed by a ribbon-cutting ceremony by Shri Harish Duhan, Chairman-cum-Managing Director (CMD), SECL.
  • The event was attended by Shri N. Franklin Jaykumar (Director, Technical/Operations), Shri Biranchi Das (Director, Human Resources), Shri R.C. Mahapatra (Director, Technical/Planning & Projects), and Shri Himanshu Jain (Chief Vigilance Officer, SECL).
  • The establishment of the all-women Central Store Unit reinforces SECL’s commitment to “Nari Shakti se Rashtra Shakti” and embodies the spirit of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) through gender-inclusive industrial operations.

India’s First Cooperative Multi-Feed Compressed Biogas (CBG) Plant Inaugurated in Maharashtra

  • Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah inaugurated India’s first cooperative multi-feed Compressed Biogas (CBG) plant at Kopargaon, Ahilyanagar district, Maharashtra.
  • The event was attended by Maharashtra Chief Minister Shri Devendra Fadnavis, Deputy Chief Ministers Shri Eknath Shinde and Shri Ajit Pawar, and Union Minister of State for Cooperation Shri Murlidhar Mohol.
  • The CBG plant has been established at the Maharshi Shankarrao Kolhe Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana.

Key Highlights

  • Shri Amit Shah announced that the Government of India will support 15 cooperative sugar mills through the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) to establish CBG and potash granule production units.
  • The CBG plant, with an investment of ₹55 crore, will produce 12 tonnes of CBG and 75 tonnes of potash per day from jaggery and molasses, reducing India’s dependence on imports and promoting Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
  • The project makes the Maharshi Shankarrao Kolhe Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana a model of a circular economy, integrating energy production, fertilizer generation, and sustainable farming practices.
  • The Government will procure 100% of pulses (arhar, urad, and masoor) from 20 million farmers at Minimum Support Price (MSP) through National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) and National Cooperative Consumers’ Federation of India Limited (NCCF).
  • The Cabinet recently approved MSP increases — ₹300 per quintal for masoor, ₹250 for mustard, ₹225 for gram, ₹175 for barley, and ₹160 for wheat.
  • The Goods and Services Tax (GST) on several agricultural items such as tractors, sprinklers, drip irrigation systems, and organic pesticides has been reduced to 5%, benefiting millions of farmers.
  • The Sanjeevani Group, associated with the initiative, has contributed significantly to green energy, women’s empowerment, and rural development, integrating 100 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) and launching India’s first rural call center.

About Maharashtra:

  • Chief Minister: Devendra Fadnavis
  • Governor: C. P. Radhakrishnan
  • Capital: Mumbai
  • National Parks: Tadoba National Park, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park, Navegaon National Park
  • Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari

Rajasthan’s First ‘Namo Biodiversity Park’ Inaugurated in Alwar

  • Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Shri Bhupender Yadav inaugurated Rajasthan’s first ‘Namo Biodiversity Park’, also known as ‘NAMO VAN’, at Pratap Bandh, Alwar.
  • The inauguration ceremony included a symbolic tree plantation and was attended by Shri Sanjay Sharma, Cabinet Minister, Government of Rajasthan.

Key Highlights

  • The park, envisioned as a green lung for the region, aims to enhance local greenery, improve air quality, and promote environmental awareness.
  • It is designed to encourage citizens to adopt environment-friendly and sustainable lifestyles, aligning with India’s broader biodiversity conservation and climate action goals.
  • The establishment of the park marks a significant milestone in Rajasthan’s green infrastructure development, reinforcing efforts to promote public participation in conservation initiatives.

About Rajasthan:

  • Capital: Jaipur
  • Governor: Haribhau Bagade
  • Chief Minister: Bajan Lal Sharma
  • National Parks: Ranthambhore National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve, Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary), Desert National Park
  • Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranthambore Wildlife Sanctuary, Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Singapore names island ‘Zubeen Garg Island’ in honour of iconic Assamese singer

  • Singapore has reportedly renamed an island as “Zubeen Garg Island” on Google Maps in honour of late Assamese singer, composer, and actor Zubeen Garg, who passed away at the age of 52 following a scuba diving accident.
  • Zubeen Garg died during a yacht outing in Singapore, after facing breathing difficulties while swimming; the preliminary death certificate cited drowning as the cause of death.
  • The renaming of the island is a symbolic tribute, reflecting Zubeen Garg’s global influence and enduring cultural legacy beyond India.
  • Zubeen Garg began singing at the age of three and released his debut Assamese album “Anamika” in 1992.
  • He delivered several Assamese hits, including Maya, Zubeenor Gaan, Xabda, Pakhi, Shishu, and Jantra.
  • In Bollywood, he rose to prominence with songs in films like Dil Se, Vaastav, Fiza, Asoka, Kaante, Gangster, and Krrish 3.
  • His 2006 blockbuster song “Ya Ali” from the film Gangster earned him national fame.
  • Zubeen Garg was in Singapore to perform at the North East Festival on the same day he passed away, making his demise even more shocking for fans and the music fraternity.

Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy sentenced to five years in prison for Libya funding conspiracy

  • Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy (served 2007–2012) has been sentenced to five years in prison for criminal conspiracy involving illicit funds from Libya.
  • The case pertains to millions of euros of illegal funds allegedly received from Libyan leader Col Muammar Gaddafi.
  • Sarkozy was accused of using these Libyan funds to finance his 2007 presidential campaign.
  • In exchange, he allegedly promised to assist Gaddafi in improving his international reputation among Western nations.
  • The Paris criminal court acquitted Sarkozy of other charges, including passive corruption and illegal campaign financing.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Awarded for Discoveries in Immune Tolerance

  • The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking work on peripheral immune tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues.
  • Their discoveries of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the Foxp3 gene have revolutionized immunology and opened new avenues for treating autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplant rejection.

Key Highlights

  • Shimon Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells (Tregs) in 1995, revealing a mechanism of immune regulation outside the thymus, known as peripheral tolerance
  • Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell identified the Foxp3 gene in 2001, essential for Treg development; mutations in Foxp3 lead to severe autoimmune disorders such as IPEX syndrome.
  • In 2003, Sakaguchi demonstrated the link between Tregs and Foxp3, establishing their role as immune system “monitors” that prevent self-attack.
  • Their research has major implications for autoimmune disease therapies, cancer treatment, and organ transplantation, with ongoing clinical trials exploring Treg-based interventions.
  • The prize, 11 million Swedish kronor, was awarded by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet.
  • The discoveries have reshaped modern immunology, paving the way for next-generation therapeutic strategies

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw switches to Zoho, promoting India’s homegrown digital productivity platform

  • Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced his shift to Zoho, India’s homegrown productivity platform for documents, spreadsheets, and presentations, promoting the use of indigenous digital tools.
  • He urged citizens to adopt Swadeshi products, aligning with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s call for self-reliance and support for Indian technology innovation.
  • Zoho’s Founder, Sridhar Vembu, is a strong advocate of Made-in-India software solutions and digital sovereignty.
  • Arattai, developed by Zoho, is a homegrown instant messaging app positioned as an alternative to WhatsApp, emphasizing data privacy and local innovation.
  • Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan encouraged citizens to use Arattai, describing it as secure, user-friendly, and free, reinforcing the Swadeshi movement.
  • The Arattai app supports text and voice messaging, audio-video calls, group chats (up to 1,000 participants), media/document sharing, and dedicated channels, ensuring comprehensive communication features.
  • The name ‘Arattai’, derived from Tamil, means ‘casual conversation’ or ‘chat’, symbolizing the app’s Indian identity and communication purpose.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Indian Navy to Commission INS Androth, Marking Another Milestone in Indigenous Naval Expansion

  • The Indian Navy will commission INS Androth, the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC), on October 6, 2025, at the Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam.
  • The commissioning ceremony will be presided over by Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command.
  • INS Androth has been built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, showcasing over 80% indigenous content.
  • The ship highlights India’s growing maritime self-reliance and the Navy’s focus on indigenisation and capability enhancement.
  • The commissioning of Androth will enhance the Navy’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) capabilities, especially in littoral waters.
  • The induction aligns with the Navy’s broader efforts toward innovation, indigenous design, and technological advancement.
  • Recent naval inductions — Arnala, Nistar, Udaygiri, Nilgiri, and Androth — signify the Navy’s balanced maritime growth and commitment to Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance).

India–UK Naval Exercise KONKAN-2025 Begins off the Western Coast of India

  • Exercise KONKAN-25, a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy (UK), commenced on 05 October 2025 off the western coast of India.
  • The exercise has grown significantly in scale and complexity over the past two decades, enhancing interoperability and mutual understanding in maritime operations between the two navies.

Key Highlights :

  • Exercise KONKAN-25 is being conducted in two phases — Harbour Phase (05–12 Oct 2025) and Sea Phase.
  • The Harbour Phase includes professional interactions, cross-deck visits, sports fixtures, cultural engagements, Joint Working Group meetings, and Subject Matter Expert Exchanges.
  • The Sea Phase will feature complex maritime operational drills focusing on anti-air, anti-surface, and anti-submarine warfare, along with flying operations and seamanship evolutions.
  • Both navies are deploying frontline assets, including aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, submarines, and air assets (both integral and shore-based).
  • The UK Carrier Strike Group (UK CSG 25), led by HMS Prince of Wales, is participating, with additional assets from Norway and Japan, adding global significance to the exercise.
  • The Indian Navy is represented by the Carrier Battle Group centered on INS Vikrant, India’s indigenous aircraft carrier, along with surface, sub-surface, and air combatants.
  • The exercise reaffirms the shared commitment of India and the UK to ensure secure, open, and free seas, aligning with the India-UK Vision 2035 for a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
  • After Exercise KONKAN-25 concludes on 12 October 2025, the UK CSG 25 will conduct a one-day joint exercise with the Indian Air Force on 14 October 2025 off India’s western coast.
  • Exercise KONKAN-2025 aims to strengthen strategic ties, enhance interoperability, and promote regional maritime stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

Indian Coast Guard to Hold 10th NATPOLREX and 27th NOSDCP Preparedness Meeting off Chennai Coast

  • The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) will conduct the 10th edition of the National Level Pollution Response Exercise (NATPOLREX-X) along with the 27th National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOSDCP) & Preparedness Meeting from October 5–6, 2025, off the coast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
  • The two-day event will involve participation from central ministries, coastal state governments, major ports, oil handling agencies, and maritime organizations, ensuring wide inter-agency collaboration.
  • Over 100 national delegates and 40 foreign observers from 32 countries will attend, showcasing the international significance of India’s efforts in marine pollution response.
  • The biennial flagship exercise aims to evaluate and enhance national preparedness to respond to marine oil spill incidents and test inter-agency coordination under the NOSDCP framework.
  • The Indian Coast Guard will deploy pollution response assets, including ships and aircraft equipped for maritime pollution control, to demonstrate India’s operational capabilities.
  • NATPOLREX-X 2025 reaffirms India’s commitment to marine environmental protection, aligning with the nation’s goals of sustainable development and ecological responsibility.

Indigenously Built Fast Patrol Vessel Indian Coast Guard Ship Akshar Commissioned into Indian Coast Guard

  • Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Akshar, the second in a series of eight Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs), was commissioned at Karaikal, Puducherry on October 4, 2025.
  • The 51-metre-long vessel was designed and built indigenously by Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), reflecting the spirit of Aatmanirbhar Bharat under the ‘Make in India’ initiative.
  • The ship has over 60% indigenous content, showcasing India’s growing maritime self-reliance and technological capability.

Key Highlights :

  • ICGS Akshar displaces approx. 320 tons and is propelled by two 3,000 KW diesel engines, enabling a maximum speed of 27 knots and an endurance of 1,500 nautical miles at economical speed.
  • It is fitted with indigenously developed Controllable Pitch Propellers (CPP) and gearboxes, providing superior maneuverability, operational flexibility, and enhanced performance at sea.
  • The vessel’s weaponry includes a 30 mm CRN 91 gun and two 12.7 mm Stabilized Remote-Controlled Guns (SRCG), both integrated with fire-control systems for improved accuracy.
  • It is equipped with advanced systems such as an Integrated Bridge System (IBS), Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS), and Automated Power Management System (APMS), enhancing automation and operational efficiency.
  • ICGS Akshar will be based at Karaikal, Puducherry, under the Commander, Coast Guard Region (East) through Coast Guard District Headquarters No. 13.
  • The name ‘Akshar’ meaning ‘imperishable’, symbolises the ICG’s steadfast resolve and commitment to ensuring safe, secure, and clean seas.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND INDEX

Mukesh Ambani Tops M3M Hurun India Rich List 2025 with ₹9.55 Lakh Crore; Roshni Nadar Becomes India’s Richest Woman

  • Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries, has reclaimed the top spot in the M3M Hurun India Rich List 2025 with a net worth of ₹9.55 lakh crore, followed by Gautam Adani (₹8.15 lakh crore) and Roshni Nadar Malhotra (₹2.84 lakh crore).
  • The list marks the 14th edition of India’s most comprehensive wealth ranking, jointly released by the Hurun Research Institute and M3M India.
  • Roshni Nadar Malhotra, Chairperson of HCL Technologies, becomes India’s richest woman and enters the top three for the first time.

Top 10 Billionaires (2025):

  1. Mukesh Ambani & family – ₹9,55,410 crore (Reliance Industries)
  2. Gautam Adani & family – ₹8,14,720 crore (Adani Group)
  3. Roshni Nadar Malhotra – ₹2,84,120 crore (HCL)
  4. Cyrus S Poonawalla – ₹2,46,460 crore (Serum Institute of India)
  5. Kumar Mangalam Birla – ₹2,32,850 crore (Aditya Birla Group)
  6. Niraj Bajaj & family – ₹2,32,680 crore (Bajaj Group)
  7. Dilip Shanghvi – ₹2,30,560 crore (Sun Pharma)
  8. Azim Premji & family – ₹2,21,250 crore (Wipro)
  9. Gopichand Hinduja & family – ₹1,85,310 crore (Hinduja Group)
  10. Radhakishan Damani & family – ₹1,82,980 crore (Avenue Supermarts – D-Mart)
  • India now has over 350 billionaires, marking a sixfold increase since the list began 13 years ago.
  • The total wealth of all members equals ₹167 lakh crore, nearly half of India’s GDP.
  • Aravind Srinivas (31), CEO of Perplexity, is the youngest billionaire with ₹21,190 crore.
  • Kaivalya Vohra (22) and Aadit Palicha (23), co-founders of Zepto, are among the youngest entrants.
  • Shah Rukh Khan makes his debut on the list with a net worth of ₹12,490 crore.
  • Niraj Bajaj recorded the highest wealth gain, adding ₹69,875 crore due to Bajaj Group’s market rise.
  • Vijay Shekhar Sharma (Paytm) re-enters the list with ₹15,930 crore, after a 124% surge in share value.
  • The list features 101 women, including 26 dollar billionaires, and highlights that 66% of all entrants are self-made, with 74% of new additions having built wealth from scratch.

Hurun India Rich List 2025: Bollywood Actors Among India’s Wealthiest

  • The Hurun India Rich List 2025 features six Bollywood actors who have successfully transformed their cinematic fame into substantial wealth through strategic investments, brand endorsements, and business ventures.
  • Shah Rukh Khan becomes Bollywood’s first billionaire, marking a historic milestone for the Indian film industry.

Top Richest Bollywood Actors (2025) and Key Insights:

  1. Shah Rukh Khan – ₹12,490 crore
    • India’s first Bollywood billionaire.
    • Wealth sources: Films, Red Chillies Entertainment, ownership in Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR), and international investments.
  2. Juhi Chawla and Family – ₹7,790 crore
    • Wealth from KKR stakes, real estate, and diversified investments.
  3. Hrithik Roshan – ₹2,160 crore
    • Earnings from the HRX brand, film production, and acting career.
  4. Karan Johar – ₹1,880 crore
    • Income from Dharma Productions, media ventures, and brand endorsements.
  5. Amitabh Bachchan – ₹1,630 crore
    • Wealth from brand endorsements, film production, real estate, and legacy value.
  6. Akshay Kumar – ₹1,500 crore
    • Earnings through a large film portfolio, production ventures, endorsements, and business interests.
  • Shah Rukh Khan’s entry into billionaire status sets a new benchmark for Bollywood and the entertainment sector.
  • Juhi Chawla’s wealth growth demonstrates the impact of business acumen alongside cinematic achievements.
  • Actor‑entrepreneur models are becoming increasingly important, with diversification into brands, production, sports franchises, and real estate.
  • The presence of veterans like Amitabh Bachchan highlights the long-term financial benefits of sustained multi-decade careers.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

India Registers Best-Ever Medal Haul at World Para Athletics Championships 2025 in New Delhi

  • India achieved its best-ever performance at the World Para Athletics Championships 2025, held in New Delhi, by securing a record 18 medals — 6 Gold, 7 Silver, and 5 Bronze.
  • This performance surpassed India’s previous record of 17 medals at the Kobe 2024 Championships, highlighting the nation’s growing dominance in global para-sports.
  • The event witnessed participation from over 2,000 athletes across 104 countries, marking a historic milestone for Indian para-athletics and reaffirming the country’s commitment to inclusivity, excellence, and sports empowerment.

India’s Medal Tally:

  • Gold: 6
  • Silver: 7
  • Bronze: 5
  • Total: 18

Gold Medal Winners – Champions of Determination:

  1. Simran Sharma – Women’s 100m T12
  2. Nishad Kumar – Men’s High Jump T47
  3. Sumit Antil – Men’s Javelin Throw F64
  4. Sandip Sanjay Sargar – Men’s Javelin Throw F44
  5. Rinku Hooda – Men’s Javelin Throw F46
  6. Shailesh Kumar – Men’s High Jump T63
  • Simran Sharma emerged as a standout performer, clinching two medals — Gold in 100m T12 and Silver in 200m T12.

Double Medalists – Simran Sharma and Preeti Pal:

  • Simran Sharma:
    • Gold – Women’s 100m T12
    • Silver – Women’s 200m T12
  • Preeti Pal:
    • Silver – Women’s 100m T35
    • Bronze – Women’s 200m T35

Other Medal Winners – India’s Para Heroes:
Silver Medalists (9):

  1. Navdeep – Men’s Javelin Throw F41
  2. Ekta Bhyan – Women’s Club Throw F51
  3. Dharambir – Men’s Club Throw F51
  4. Sandeep – Men’s Javelin Throw F44
  5. Yogesh Kathuniya – Men’s Discus Throw F56
  6. Sundar Singh Gurjar – Men’s Javelin Throw F46
  7. Deepthi Jeevanji – Women’s 400m T20
  8. Preeti Pal – Women’s 100m T35
  9. Simran Sharma – Women’s 200m T12

Bronze Medalists (7):

  1. Sandeep – Men’s 200m T44
  2. Soman Rana – Men’s Shot Put F57
  3. Praveen Kumar – Men’s High Jump T64
  4. Preeti Pal – Women’s 200m T35
  5. Pardeep Kumar – Men’s Discus Throw F64
  6. Atul Kaushik – Men’s Discus Throw F57
  7. Varun Singh Bhati – Men’s High Jump T63
  • These achievements across sprint, throw, and jump events underscore India’s multi-disciplinary strength in para athletics.
  • The 2025 edition reflected India’s depth in field events, particularly in javelin and high jump, with multiple medalists in these categories.
  • Institutional support from the Paralympic Committee of India (PCI) and the Sports Authority of India (SAI) played a crucial role in this record-breaking success.
  • Hosting the event in New Delhi also significantly boosted awareness and inclusivity in para sports, reinforcing India’s position as a global leader in para-athletics.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Cotton Day is observed on 7th October

  • World Cotton Day is observed on 7th October of every year.
  • World Cotton Day is celebrated in order to raise the visibility of the cotton sector and create awareness about the role that cotton plays in economic development and international trade.

History

  • In 2019, The four Cotton producers namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali initiated the World Trade Organisation about the World Cotton Day on October 7.
  • The first World Cotton Day was celebrated on 7th October 2019 and it was hosted by the World Trade Organization.
  • WTO Secretariat and secretariats of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation collaborate and conduct the event.
  • More than 800 participants attended the launching event at the World Trade Organisation headquarters.

Daily CA One- Liner: October 7

  • The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has built the world’s highest motorable road at 19,400 feet above sea level in Ladakh, under Project Himank, surpassing its previous record set at Umling La (19,024 ft) in 2021
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the PM SETU Scheme (Prime Minister’s Skill Enhancement and Technical Upgradation) during the Skills Convocation at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
  • South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL), inaugurated its first fully women-operated Central Store Unit at the Central Workshop, Korba, marking a significant milestone in promoting women’s leadership in core industrial sectors
  • Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah inaugurated India’s first cooperative multi-feed Compressed Biogas (CBG) plant at Kopargaon, Ahilyanagar district, Maharashtra.
  • Yadav inaugurated Rajasthan’s first ‘Namo Biodiversity Park’, also known as ‘NAMO VAN’, at Pratap Bandh, Alwar.
  • The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking work on peripheral immune tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues
  • Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries, has reclaimed the top spot in the M3M Hurun India Rich List 2025 with a net worth of ₹9.55 lakh crore, followed by Gautam Adani (₹8.15 lakh crore) and Roshni Nadar Malhotra
  • The Hurun India Rich List 2025 features six Bollywood actors who have successfully transformed their cinematic fame into substantial wealth through strategic investments, brand endorsements, and business ventures
  • India achieved its best-ever performance at the World Para Athletics Championships 2025, held in New Delhi, by securing a record 18 medals — 6 Gold, 7 Silver, and 5 Bronze.
  • The Government of India has kept interest rates unchanged for various small savings schemes, including Public Provident Fund (PPF) and National Savings Certificate (NSC), for the seventh consecutive quarter beginning October 1, 2025.
  • According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, bank credit to industry grew at a slower pace of 6.5% in August 2025, compared to 9.7% in the same period last year.
  • The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has extended the timeline for full implementation of its framework for safer retail participation in algorithmic (Algo) trading, initially mandated under the February 2025 circular.
  • NPCI Bharat BillPay Limited. (NBBL), a wholly owned subsidiary of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has announced the integration of Bandhan Bank on its Bharat Connect platform.
  • Outward remittances under the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) declined 10.9% year-on-year (YoY) in July 2025, amounting to $2.45 billion.
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed a penalty of ₹31.8 lakh on Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) for non-compliance with directions related to Priority Sector Lending (PSL) – Targets and Classification.
  • The 2025 World Trade Report stated that with enabling policies, artificial intelligence (AI) could increase cross-border trade in goods and services by nearly 40% by 2040, highlighting AI’s transformative potential in global trade.
  • Paytm Money has partnered with JioBlackRock to launch India’s first Systematic Active Equity (SAE) fund aimed at retail investors, marking a major innovation in the mutual fund industry.
  • Singapore has reportedly renamed an island as “Zubeen Garg Island” on Google Maps in honour of late Assamese singer, composer, and actor Zubeen Garg, who passed away at the age of 52 following a scuba diving accident.
  • Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy (served 2007–2012) has been sentenced to five years in prison for criminal conspiracy involving illicit funds from Libya.
  • Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced his shift to Zoho, India’s homegrown productivity platform for documents, spreadsheets, and presentations, promoting the use of indigenous digital tools.
  • The Indian Navy will commission INS Androth, the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC), on October 6, 2025, at the Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam.
  • Exercise KONKAN-25, a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy (UK), commenced on 05 October 2025 off the western coast of India.
  • The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) will conduct the 10th edition of the National Level Pollution Response Exercise (NATPOLREX-X) along with the 27th National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOSDCP) & Preparedness Meeting from October 5–6, 2025, off the coast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
  • Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Akshar, the second in a series of eight Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs), was commissioned at Karaikal, Puducherry on October 4, 2025.
  • World Cotton Day is observed on 7th October of every year.

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