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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS
AU Small Finance Bank Launches ‘M Circle’ to Promote Women’s Financial Inclusion and Empowerment
- AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB) has launched an exclusive women-focused banking programme called ‘M Circle’, aimed at promoting financial inclusion and empowerment of women.
- The ‘M Circle’ initiative caters to the evolving financial and lifestyle needs of modern Indian women, focusing on wealth creation, legacy preservation, and holistic well-being.
- The “M” in ‘M Circle’ stands for Money, Motivation, and Modernity, symbolising women’s growing role in financial management, entrepreneurship, and investment.
- ‘M Circle’ offers premium benefits beyond traditional banking, including financial, healthcare, and lifestyle privileges for women customers.
- The key objectives of ‘M Circle’ include:
- Financial empowerment through enhanced savings, investment, and loan options.
- Health awareness via preventive health check-ups and consultations.
- Lifestyle enhancement with exclusive offers and brand discounts.
- Community building among financially literate and independent women.
- The initiative aligns with AU SFB’s goal of transitioning into a universal bank, driven by innovation, inclusion, and customer-first service.
About AU Small Finance Bank Limited :
- Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
- MD & CEO : Sanjay Agarwal
Quant Small Cap Fund Cuts Holdings in Seven Stocks, Exits Jana SFB and Thyrocare in October 2025
- Quant Small Cap Fund, the largest fund of Quant Mutual Fund, trimmed stakes in RBL Bank and six other stocks in October 2025, while completely exiting Jana Small Finance Bank and Thyrocare Technologies.
- The fund reduced holdings in RBL Bank, Anupam Rasayan, Bata India, India Shelter Finance Corporation, Indraprastha Medical Corporation, One Source Specialty Pharma, and Oriental Hotels.
- The largest sell-off was in Indraprastha Medical Corporation, with ~16.74 lakh shares sold, reducing holdings to 7.21 lakh from 23.96 lakh in September 2025.
- In October 2025, the Quant Small Cap Fund held 93 stocks in its portfolio, compared to 95 stocks in September 2025.
- The fund’s Assets Under Management (AUM) stood at ₹30,504 crore as on October 31, 2025.
Reserve Bank of India’s New 2025 Guidelines Allow Loans Against Silver Alongside Gold from April 2026
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced new rules under the “Reserve Bank of India (Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral) Directions, 2025”, effective from April 1, 2026, allowing loans against silver in addition to gold.
- Borrowers can pledge silver ornaments up to 10 kg and silver coins up to 500 grams as collateral for loans.
Key Highlights :
- The Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio ranges from 85% to 75%, depending on the loan amount.
- Loans against silver will be offered by commercial banks, small finance banks, regional rural banks, urban and rural co-operative banks, and NBFCs, including housing finance companies.
- Loans cannot be extended against silver bullion (bars/bricks) or silver-backed financial assets like mutual funds or ETFs due to macro-prudential concerns.
- Gold limits remain 1 kg for gold ornaments and 50 grams for gold coins per borrower.
LTV Ratios and Valuation
- For LTV: loans up to ₹2.5 lakh get 85%, ₹2.5–5 lakh get 80%, and loans above ₹5 lakh get 75% of the silver’s value.
- Silver is valued at the lower of the average closing price over 30 days or the previous day’s closing price, as published by IBJA or SEBI-regulated exchanges.
- Only the intrinsic value of silver is considered; decorative elements like gems or stones are excluded.
Borrower Protection and Default Rules
- Upon full repayment, lenders must release pledged silver within seven working days, with a ₹5,000 per day compensation for delays.
- In case of default, lenders can auction the silver after prior notice, a public notice if untraceable, and a minimum one-month wait.
- Reserve price for auction must be ≥90% of current value; if unsuccessful twice, minimum 85%.
- The RBI introduced silver loans to expand access to short-term credit, encourage formal lending, increase transparency, and protect borrowers’ rights.
- Silver now joins gold as a mainstream collateral option for Indians seeking small or medium-sized loans.
Reserve Bank of India repatriates over 64 tonnes of India’s gold reserves from overseas between March and September 2025
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is repatriating large volumes of India’s gold reserves previously stored overseas, bringing over 64 tonnes back between March and September 2025.
Key Highlights :
- Since March 2023, a total of 274 tonnes of gold has been repatriated, marking one of the largest gold relocations since the 1990s.
- As of September 2025, India’s total official gold reserve reached 880 metric tonnes, with 575.8 tonnes stored in India, 290.37 tonnes abroad, and 13.99 tonnes as gold deposits.
- Repatriation enhances national sovereignty, reducing reliance on foreign custodians and increasing domestic control over India’s financial assets.
- Improved domestic storage infrastructure now allows safe holding of large gold volumes, eliminating the need for extensive overseas storage.
- Reducing custodial costs by avoiding annual fees for storing and insuring gold abroad increases RBI’s reserve management efficiency.
- The move strengthens strategic asset allocation, with gold acting as a hedge against inflation and currency volatility, enhancing the stability of India’s foreign exchange reserves.
- Gold transfer involves tight security, secret logistics, and close coordination with foreign institutions, ensuring minimal risk and market confidence.
- The gold component of India’s forex reserves increased from 11.70% in March 2025 to 13.92% in September 2025.
- Repatriated gold provides stronger national financial safety nets, supports domestic liquidity needs, and allows greater flexibility in monetary policy tools.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS
India Launches DRAP and UiWIN to Tackle Legacy Waste and Boost Urban Investment
- The Government of India launched two major initiatives — DRAP (Dumpsite Remediation Accelerator Programme) and UiWIN (Urban Investment Window) — unveiled by Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar at the National Urban Conclave 2025.
- Both initiatives form part of the ‘Viksit Bharat @2047’ vision, aimed at transforming India’s urban areas into clean, sustainable, and investment-ready cities.
Key Highlights:
- DRAP focuses on remediating 214 major legacy landfills across 202 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), which together hold about 8.8 crore tonnes of legacy waste, representing nearly 80% of India’s remaining dumpsite burden.
- Nationwide, 1,428 dumpsites are under remediation. Cities must prepare micro-action plans, ensure no fresh waste tipping post-clearance, and reclaim land for public/community use.
- The target for complete clearance is September–October 2026.
- The Centre provides ₹550 per tonne as assistance; so far, ₹4,181 crore has been disbursed to support projects worth ₹10,228 crore.
- 2,484 ULBs across 28 states/UTs have benefitted, with 1,048 dumpsites cleared and 25 crore tonnes of legacy waste removed, reclaiming 7,580+ acres for urban development.
- Reclaimed land is being used for green spaces, public parks, and community infrastructure.
- DRAP follows a 5P framework – Political leadership, Public finance, Public advocacy, Project management, and Partnerships – supported by a real-time monitoring portal.
- Larger landfills will get priority clearance, with leaders encouraged to adopt sites using CSR and state funds.
- Example: At Delhi’s Bhalswa landfill, 4.8 lakh tonnes of waste were cleared in 2.5 months, with another 40 lakh tonnes under process, freeing 70 acres of land within a year.
- The UiWIN (Urban Investment Window) will function as a centralised financing platform managed by HUDCO (Housing and Urban Development Corporation) to mobilise private and multilateral capital for urban infrastructure.
- UiWIN aims to channel long-term concessional finance and attract funding from World Bank, ADB, and other institutions.
- It will promote Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects in solid waste management, urban mobility, water and sewerage, and climate-resilient infrastructure.
- UiWIN supports the government’s goal of creating self-sustaining, investment-friendly urban ecosystems.
Government Notifies New Deep-Sea Fishing Rules for Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
- The Government of India has introduced new deep-sea fishing rules for operations within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering over 23 lakh sq. km of marine territory, announced.
- The rules aim to unlock high-value marine resources like tuna, empower local fishers and cooperatives, and ensure marine biodiversity protection.
- This initiative fulfills commitments made in the Union Budget 2025–26, promoting sustainable and technology-driven marine exports.
Key Highlights:
- Priority access has been granted to Fishermen Cooperative Societies and Fish Farmer Producer Organisations (FFPOs) for deep-sea fishing using advanced vessels.
- A complete ban on foreign fishing vessels in the Indian EEZ has been enforced to protect coastal livelihoods and national marine sovereignty.
- Introduction of the Mother-and-Child Vessel Model allows mid-sea transhipment under RBI guidelines, benefiting the Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands, which together account for 49% of India’s EEZ.
- A Digital Access Pass will be issued through the ReALCraft portal for mechanised and large motorised vessels, while traditional and small-scale boats are exempted.
- The ReALCraft portal ensures minimal documentation, real-time tracking, and integration with Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) and Export Inspection Council (EIC) for Fish Catch and Health Certificates.
- Environmental safeguards include bans on LED light fishing, pair trawling, and bull trawling, along with minimum legal size norms and Fisheries Management Plans.
- The rules enhance export traceability and compliance with global eco-labelling standards, supporting India’s ₹60,000 crore seafood export sector.
- Fish caught beyond the contiguous zone but within the EEZ will now be considered ‘Indian origin’, simplifying customs and revenue procedures.
- Financial and technical support to be provided under schemes like Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) and Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF) to promote value addition and branding.
- Safety measures include mandatory transponders on deep-sea vessels, QR-coded Aadhaar/Fisher ID cards, integration with the Nabhmitra App, and improved coordination with the Indian Coast Guard and Navy for maritime security and surveillance.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi Unveils ₹8,000 Crore Projects on Uttarakhand’s Silver Jubilee
- On the occasion of Uttarakhand’s Silver Jubilee, Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended grand celebrations at the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun, marking 25 years since the state’s formation in 2000.
- The Prime Minister unveiled and inaugurated development projects worth over ₹8,000 crore, reaffirming the Centre’s commitment to the state’s growth under the “double-engine” governance model that emphasizes Centre–State synergy.
- The projects cover multiple key sectors, including:
- Drinking water and irrigation schemes to enhance rural access.
- Energy and urban development initiatives for modern infrastructure.
- Technical education and skill development programs for youth empowerment.
- Sports infrastructure projects to encourage youth participation and fitness.
- The development package aims to boost employment, improve living standards, and strengthen service delivery across the remote and hilly regions of Uttarakhand.
- A major announcement included the release of over ₹62 crore under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), directly credited to the bank accounts of more than 28,000 farmers in Uttarakhand.
- The scheme provides insurance coverage to farmers against crop loss caused by natural calamities, pests, or diseases, ensuring timely and transparent delivery of financial support.
- To commemorate the milestone, PM Modi released a special postage stamp celebrating Uttarakhand’s distinct cultural and developmental identity.
About Uttarakhand:
- Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
- Governor: Gurmit Singh
- Capital: Dehradun
- National Parks: Jim Corbett National Park, Nanda Devi National Park, Rajaji National Park, Gangotri National Park, Valley of Flowers National Park
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandi Devi Wildlife Sanctuary
RECENT NEWS
- Uttarakhand government will implement a green tax on all vehicles entering the state from outside, marking a major step towards environmental conservation and pollution control. This move aims to protect the fragile Himalayan ecosystem and reduce vehicular emissions in popular hill destinations such as Dehradun, Mussoorie, Nainital, and Rishikesh.
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Adopted Under 2030 Agenda
- The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in September 2015 by 193 United Nations member states under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, replacing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
- The SDGs aim to tackle major global issues such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and peace, ensuring that “no one is left behind.”
- The framework includes 17 Goals and 169 Targets, serving as a universal call to action for governments, businesses, civil societies, and individuals to work towards a sustainable and inclusive future.
- The 17 SDGs are:
- No Poverty
- Zero Hunger
- Good Health and Well-Being
- Quality Education
- Gender Equality
- Clean Water and Sanitation
- Affordable and Clean Energy
- Decent Work and Economic Growth
- Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
- Reduced Inequalities
- Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Responsible Consumption and Production
- Climate Action
- Life Below Water
- Life on Land
- Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
- Partnerships for the Goals
- All UN member countries, including India, have aligned national policies with the SDGs, integrating them into development programs and budgets.
- The United Nations Sustainable Development Report annually tracks countries’ progress toward these goals.
- In India, the NITI Aayog SDG Index monitors progress across states and union territories. States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Himachal Pradesh lead in areas like education, health, and clean energy.
- Achieving all 17 Goals by 2030 remains challenging, especially after COVID-19, which reversed progress in poverty reduction, health, and gender equality.
- The SDGs highlight that sustainability involves people, prosperity, and peace, encouraging collaboration among governments, businesses, and individuals to achieve a balanced, equitable, and sustainable world.
Gujarat Becomes First Indian State to Launch Genome Sequencing for Tribal Communities
- Gujarat has become the first Indian state to roll out a dedicated genome sequencing initiative for its tribal communities, marking a significant advancement in the application of biotechnology to public health.
- The initiative is part of the Genome India Project and aims to create a genetic reference database to help diagnose, treat, and prevent inherited disorders such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia, which are prevalent among tribal populations.
Key Highlights:
- The project has been launched by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) and focuses on sequencing the DNA of tribal individuals to identify genetic mutations and patterns linked to rising health issues.
- A total of 4,000 biological samples will be collected, and 2,000 full genome sequences will be generated from individuals across 17 districts — making it India’s first genome-mapping project with a tribal health focus.
- Tribal communities in Gujarat’s eastern belt suffer from high rates of inherited diseases due to endogamous marriages, leading to reduced genetic diversity and increased hereditary conditions such as Sickle Cell Anaemia, Thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency.
- Genome sequencing will help in:
- Identifying gene mutations causing inherited diseases.
- Developing targeted DNA test panels for early and affordable diagnosis.
- Providing genetic counselling to families before conception or during IVF.
- Supporting research on immunity, nutrition, and disease susceptibility among tribal populations.
- The GBRC uses advanced sequencing platforms (including long-read sequencers analysing 5,000–10,000 DNA base pairs) initially deployed during the Covid-19 pandemic, now repurposed for broader genomic studies.
- Gujarat has reduced per-sample sequencing costs from ₹85,000 to ₹60,000 through local infrastructure and innovation.
- The project will focus on parent–child trios to trace hereditary transmission and will help develop DNA-based diagnostic kits costing ₹1,000–₹1,500, compared to ₹1 lakh for full genome sequencing.
About Gujarat:
- Chief Minister: Bhupendra Patel
- Governor: Acharya Devvrat
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- National Parks: Gir National Park, Blackbuck National Park, Vansda National Park, Marine National Park
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Velavadar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Purna Wildlife Sanctuary
RECENT NEWS
- In a major political development on 17 October 2025, Harsh Sanghavi was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Gujarat, signaling a significant shift in the state’s political leadership.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS
COP30 Brings Together Nearly 200 Nations to Advance Global Climate Action
- COP30 refers to the 30th meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), bringing together nearly 200 countries to negotiate global climate action.
- The summit focuses on implementing commitments under the Paris Agreement, shifting from pledges to real-world climate actions aimed at limiting global warming and protecting vulnerable communities.
Key Highlights :
- Host Country: Brazil; Host City: Belém, located in the Amazon rainforest; Dates: 10–21 November 2025; Leaders’ Summit: 6–7 November 2025; Venue: Hangar Convention and Fair Centre of the Amazon, Belém.
- Hosting the summit in the Amazon highlights the vital role of forests in maintaining global climate stability and biodiversity.
- The theme of COP30 centres on Implementation, Inclusion, and Innovation, emphasizing delivery of climate actions, ecosystem protection, and empowerment of vulnerable communities.
- Key focus areas include Adaptation (resilience against floods, droughts, and sea-level rise), Nature-based Solutions (forests, mangroves, wetlands as carbon sinks), Climate Finance (mobilising funds for developing nations), Technology and Innovation (clean energy and sustainable industries), and Just Transition (fair shift to low-carbon economies).
- COP30’s Action Agenda is built on six foundational pillars — Mitigation, Adaptation, Finance, Technology, Capacity-Building, and Means of Implementation — to convert climate commitments into tangible outcomes.
- Finance initiatives target mobilising $1.3 trillion through the “Baku to Belém” Climate Finance Roadmap to support global climate goals.
- The COP30 Agenda seeks to accelerate climate progress by reviewing the first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement, urging countries to update their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and boosting finance and technology transfer for developing countries.
- 198 Parties under the UNFCCC are expected to participate, including India, the USA, China, Brazil, the EU, and other major economies, along with small islands and vulnerable nations.
- Brazil, as the host nation, unveiled the “Baku to Belém” roadmap to mobilise $1.3 trillion in climate finance for global mitigation and adaptation projects.
- COP30 holds historic importance as it marks 30 years of UNFCCC climate summits, celebrating three decades of international climate diplomacy.
- Being hosted in the Amazon, COP30 underscores the interconnection between forests, biodiversity, and climate balance, and calls for urgent protection of natural ecosystems.
Denmark Moves to Ban Social Media Access for Children Below 15 from November 2025
- Denmark’s government announced on November 7, 2025, a political agreement to ban social media access for children under 15 years of age.
- The policy, led by the Ministry of Digitalization, allows parental consent for children aged 13 and above after a specific assessment.
- The move aims to protect children and teens from harmful content, commercial pressures, and digital risks in online environments.
- The measure is set to become one of Europe’s strictest social media regulations, following Australia’s 2024 ban for children under 16 years.
- In Australia, platforms like TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat, Reddit, X, and Instagram face fines up to 50 million AUD for permitting underage users.
About Denmark :
- Prime Minister : Mette Frederiksen
- Capital : Copenhagen
- Currency : Danish krone
Egypt’s Western Desert Emerges as Major Frontier for Natural Gas Exploration, Boosting Domestic Production
- The Western Desert of Egypt has emerged as a key frontier for energy exploration, with new natural gas discoveries boosting domestic production.
- The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources announced the discovery in the Badr‑15 area, targeting the Lower Bahariya reservoir.
- Initial production from the Badr‑15 field is approximately 16 million cubic feet per day (mcf/d).
- The discovery is expected to add around 15 billion cubic feet (bcf) to Egypt’s natural gas reserves.
- The Lower Bahariya formation is a known hydrocarbon-bearing layer in the Western Desert.
- The discovery has been rapidly added to Egypt’s production map, indicating fast-tracked production from discovery.
- The new gas reserves enhance Egypt’s energy security, reducing import dependence and strengthening its role as a regional energy hub.
- The Western Desert continues to show strategic potential with under-explored reservoirs and favourable geology.
- Economically, the 15 bcf addition provides more feedstock for domestic energy firms, power generation, potential exports, and boosts associated industries.
- The discovery is significant for national development, energy geopolitics, and resource management in Egypt.
Ethiopian Delegation Visits India to Study Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission
- A high-level Ethiopian delegation visited India to study the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), focusing on poverty alleviation and women’s economic empowerment.
- The delegation aimed to adapt lessons from NRLM to Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) and invited Indian collaboration for further innovation.
- Ethiopian delegates appreciated NRLM’s standardized yet adaptable design, highlighting community facilitators (‘sakhis’), bank linkages, diversified livelihoods, and departmental convergence.
- DAY-NRLM is India’s flagship programme under the Ministry of Rural Development, focusing on sustainable livelihoods, financial inclusion, and social mobilization through Self-Help Groups (SHGs).
- The programme is jointly funded by the Centre and States and is one of the world’s largest community-mobilisation initiatives, aligning with SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).
- The National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) was launched in 2010 by restructuring the earlier Swarnajayanti Grameen Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY).
- In 2016, it was renamed as Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM).
- Funding: It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, jointly funded by the Central and State Governments.
India Reiterates Commitment to Equitable Climate Action at CoP30 Leaders’ Summit in Brazil
- India reaffirmed its commitment to climate action based on equity, national circumstances, and the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) principle during the Leaders’ Summit of CoP30 on November 7, 2025.
- The 30th Conference of Parties (CoP30) to the UNFCCC is being held in Belém, Brazil, from 10th–21st November 2025.
- India thanked Brazil for hosting CoP30 on the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, recalling the legacy of the 1992 Rio Summit which laid the foundation for global climate governance.
- India welcomed Brazil’s initiative to establish the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF) — a major step for collective and sustained global action for tropical forest preservation — and joined the Facility as an Observer.
- India’s achievements in climate action (2005–2020):
- Emission intensity of GDP reduced by 36%.
- Non-fossil power capacity exceeded 50% of total installed power — meeting NDC targets five years early.
- India expanded forest and tree cover, creating an additional carbon sink of 2.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent between 2005–2021.
- India is the world’s third-largest producer of renewable energy, with nearly 200 GW of installed renewable capacity.
- Global initiatives led by India, such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), now unite over 120 countries, promoting affordable solar energy and South-South cooperation.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND REPORTS
Mumbai Ranked as Asia’s Happiest City 2025 by Time Out
- Mumbai, India’s financial and entertainment hub, has been ranked as Asia’s happiest city in the Time Out 2025 survey, which covered over 18,000 residents across Asia.
- The ranking was based on factors such as culture, food, nightlife, and overall quality of life, showing that happiness is subjective and shaped by both individual experiences and city dynamics.
- Despite its crowded streets and fast-paced lifestyle, Mumbai’s community spirit and vibrant culture have made it stand out as the happiest city in Asia.
- 94% of residents said Mumbai brings them joy, while 89% feel happier living in the city compared to others, and 88% believe their neighbours are genuinely happy.
- The city has seen an 87% increase in happiness levels in recent years, driven by Bollywood, entertainment, and diverse lifestyles.
- Mumbai’s thriving social life, street food culture featuring favourites like Vada Pav and Bhel Puri, and popular hangout spots like Marine Drive contribute to its high happiness index.
- The top 10 happiest cities in Asia 2025 are:
- Mumbai
- Beijing
- Shanghai
- Chiang Mai
- Hanoi
- Jakarta
- Hong Kong
- Bangkok
- Singapore
- Seoul
- The survey emphasizes that Mumbai’s happiness is driven more by social and cultural factors than by infrastructure.
- Community bonding, entertainment, and street food remain the main contributors to urban well-being, though improving infrastructure and environmental conditions could enhance the city’s overall quality of life further.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS
Indian Naval Ship Sahyadri Joins Multilateral Exercise Malabar-2025 at Guam
- Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri is at Guam in the Northern Pacific to participate in the multilateral Exercise Malabar-2025.
- The participation of INS Sahyadri in Exercise Malabar-2025 reaffirms India’s enduring partnership, commitment to strengthening coordination, enhancing interoperability, and safeguarding regional security.
- INS Sahyadri is an indigenously designed and constructed Guided Missile Stealth Frigate, representing the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ vision.
- The ship has taken part in several bilateral and multilateral exercises and operational deployments.
- The Harbour Phase of Exercise Malabar-2025 includes operational planning, communication protocol alignment, familiarisation visits, and sports fixtures among participating nations.
- After the Harbour Phase, all units will move to the Sea Phase, involving naval drills such as joint fleet operations, anti-submarine warfare, gunnery serials, and flying operations.
Raksha Mantri Inaugurates Defence Public Sector Undertakings Bhawan and Reviews Defence PSUs’ Performance in New Delhi
- Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh chaired a comprehensive review meeting of Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) on November 10, 2025, at the newly inaugurated DPSU Bhawan, World Trade Centre, Naoroji Nagar, New Delhi.
Key Highlights :
- Four DPSUs—Munitions India Limited (MIL), Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVNL), India Optel Limited (IOL) and Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL)—were granted Miniratna (Category-I) status during the event.
- Shri Rajnath Singh commended the DPSUs for their contribution to India’s defence manufacturing ecosystem and advancing the vision of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-reliant India).
- He stated that all 16 DPSUs serve as strong pillars of self-reliance, highlighting their reliability and capability in operations like Operation Sindoor.
- The transformation of the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) into seven new DPSUs in 2021 brought greater independence, innovation, and competitiveness.
- In FY 2024–25, India’s defence production reached ₹1.51 lakh crore, with DPSUs contributing 71.6% of the total.
- Defence exports stood at ₹6,695 crore, indicating growing global confidence in Made-in-India defence systems.
- Three major MoUs were exchanged among DPSUs to promote collaboration and self-reliance:
- HAL and BDL signed MoUs with Yantra India Limited (YIL) to support modernisation and establish a 10,000-ton Forging Press facility to reduce import dependence for aluminium alloys.
- HAL provided an interest-free advance of ₹435 crore to YIL, while BDL committed a workload of up to 3,000 MT over ten years.
- The third MoU was signed for creating a Metal Bank at MIDHANI to ensure uninterrupted availability of critical raw materials for defence projects.
- Shri Rajnath Singh unveiled several R&D initiatives, including the HAL R&D Manual, aimed at digitisation, intellectual property creation, and collaboration with academia.
- The R&D Roadmap of DPSUs focuses on shifting from licensed production to indigenous design and development, enhancing technological self-sufficiency.
- The Raksha Mantri launched SWAYAM – Sustainable and Green Defence Manufacturing, a compendium showcasing green transition efforts across DPSUs.
- SWAYAM, anchored in the Comprehensive Energy Efficiency Action Plan (CEEAP) 2023, promotes energy efficiency, renewable energy use, and carbon emission reduction.
- Supported by tools like the SWARNA Dashboard and DPSU Energy Efficiency Index, the initiative aligns sustainability with self-reliance.
- IOL and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) were felicitated for achieving 100% green energy usage.
- IOL switched fully to renewable energy from September 2025, cutting 8,669 tonnes of CO₂ emissions and saving ₹26.36 lakh in Q1 FY 2025–26.
- BEL, a Navratna DPSU, became the first to achieve the RE100 milestone in January 2025, reducing Scope-2 emissions from 15,000 MT to zero, advancing its Net Zero goals.
Thiruvananthapuram to Host Navy Day 2025 Celebrations on December 4 with Grand Operational Display
- Navy Day 2025 will be celebrated on 4th December at Shangumugham Beach, Thiruvananthapuram, featuring a spectacular Operational Demonstration.
- The celebration is part of the Navy’s initiative to organise events beyond major naval stations, with previous editions held at Puri and Sindhudurg.
- The event will showcase indigenously built naval platforms, reflecting India’s self-reliance in defence manufacturing under the ‘Make in India’
- Navy Day commemorates the Navy’s crucial role in the 1971 Indo-Pak War, particularly the successful Operation Trident on Karachi harbour.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Google Unveils 7th-Gen ‘Ironwood’ TPU, Challenging Nvidia’s AI Hardware Dominance
- Google launched ‘Ironwood’, its 7th-generation Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) in November 2025, marking a major challenge to Nvidia’s dominance in the AI infrastructure
- Ironwood was first previewed in April 2025 and delivers 4× more performance than its predecessor (TPU v4) with the ability to scale up to 9,216 TPUs per pod for ultra-fast parallel processing.
- It is designed for AI training and real-time inference, offering massive scalability, enhanced energy efficiency, and lower latency — crucial for large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal AI systems.
Key Highlights :
- Key specifications include: 7th-generation architecture, 4× faster performance, 9,216 interconnected chips per pod, and optimized energy use for high-demand AI applications such as chatbots, search, and digital assistants.
- Anthropic, the company behind the Claude AI models, plans to deploy up to 1 million Ironwood chips, showcasing strong commercial validation and confidence in Google Cloud’s TPU infrastructure.
- This deployment by Anthropic marks a direct challenge to Nvidia’s GPU ecosystem, which has long dominated AI hardware, emphasizing Ironwood’s reliability, scalability, and compute efficiency.
- The launch of Ironwood comes amid intensifying competition between Google, Nvidia, Microsoft, and AWS in the AI and cloud computing
- Google Cloud reported Q3 2025 revenue of $15.15 billion, reflecting a 34% year-on-year growth, and raised its capital expenditure forecast to $93 billion for the year.
- Google Cloud also signed more billion-dollar contracts in 9 months than in the previous 2 years combined, highlighting its accelerated expansion in AI infrastructure.
- With Ironwood, Google strengthens its vertical integration, reducing dependence on external chipmakers like Nvidia, and gains greater performance control through in-house AI hardware.
- Overall, Ironwood represents Google’s most advanced AI chip to date, combining high performance, scalability, and sustainability, positioning it as a strong competitor to Nvidia’s GPUs in the AI compute race.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: BOOKS AND AUTHOR
Sahitya Akademi Releases Hindi Translation of Lithuanian Novel “The Last Day” as “Antim Din”
- Sahitya Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, released the Hindi translation of the internationally acclaimed Lithuanian novel “The Last Day”, titled “Antim Din”, at Rabindra Bhawan, New Delhi, in collaboration with the Embassy of Lithuania.
Key Highlights:
- The 250-page novel, originally written by Lithuanian-Ukrainian author Jaroslavas Melnikas, has been translated into Hindi by Dr. Poonam Tiwari to make it accessible to a wider Indian readership.
- The novel delves into existential and philosophical themes such as human identity, change, and cultural transformation, encouraging deep reflection on society and life.
- This marks the first-ever translation of a Lithuanian fiction work into Hindi, signifying a major step in literary and cultural cooperation between India and Lithuania.
- Sahitya Akademi President Madhav Kaushik termed the event a historic milestone for Hindi literature and highlighted the Akademi’s mission to bridge linguistic and cultural boundaries by bringing global literature to Indian readers.
- The book launch event was attended by literary figures, diplomats, and scholars, underscoring the role of literature in fostering cross-cultural understanding.
- The initiative promotes global literary harmony, demonstrating how literature acts as a bridge between nations, encouraging readers to appreciate diverse cultures and shared human experiences.
- Through such translations, the Sahitya Akademi continues to promote world literature in Indian languages, strengthening India’s cultural diplomacy and literary outreach.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS
National Education Day 2025 – Celebrating the Legacy of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
- National Education Day 2025 is observed on 11th November 2025 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India’s first Education Minister.
- Maulana Azad was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress, a freedom fighter, and a key figure in shaping India’s modern education system after independence.
Key Highlights:
- The observance of National Education Day was initiated by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education) in 2008.
- The first National Education Day was celebrated on 11th November 2008 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, and was inaugurated by then President Pratibha Patil.
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as Education Minister for over ten years, during which he played a pivotal role in laying the foundation for India’s higher education framework.
- He was instrumental in the establishment of key education bodies like the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).
- The day is celebrated every year to honour his remarkable contribution to the development of education, scientific advancement, and cultural institutions in India.
Uttarakhand Celebrates Its Silver Jubilee on Foundation Day 2025
- November 9 marks Uttarakhand Foundation Day, commemorating the formation of India’s 27th state in the year 2000, carved out of Uttar Pradesh.
- In 2025, the state celebrates its Silver Jubilee (25 years) of formation, honouring its journey from a regional movement to a recognised and developed Himalayan state.
- Known as Devbhoomi (Land of the Gods), Uttarakhand’s formation acknowledged its unique geographical, cultural, and developmental needs, which were earlier overshadowed under Uttar Pradesh’s administration.
- The state was originally named Uttaranchal and was renamed Uttarakhand in 2007 to reflect its historical and cultural heritage.
- Uttarakhand Foundation Day 2025 is being celebrated as a landmark milestone, with an extended Foundation Week from 1 November to 11 November 2025, showcasing the state’s progress over 25 years.
- Celebrations highlight achievements in tourism, education, infrastructure, and sustainable development, along with cultural events, folk performances, and exhibitions across districts like Dehradun, Nainital, and Haridwar.
- The state government plans to release a 25-year development roadmap outlining its vision for the future.
- The day begins with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades, and official speeches, followed by school and college events including essay competitions, debates, and cultural performances.
- Streets and public areas are decorated to express unity and pride, while citizens share greetings celebrating the identity of Devbhoomi.
- As part of the Silver Jubilee, several districts are hosting “Uttarakhand@25” events focusing on youth participation, women empowerment, and environmental conservation.
Daily CA One- Liner: November 11
- The Government of India launched two major initiatives — DRAP (Dumpsite Remediation Accelerator Programme) and UiWIN (Urban Investment Window) — unveiled by Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar at the National Urban Conclave 2025
- The Government of India has introduced new deep-sea fishing rules for operations within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering over 23 lakh sq. km of marine territory, announced
- On the occasion of Uttarakhand’s Silver Jubilee, Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended grand celebrations at the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun, marking 25 years since the state’s formation in 2000
- The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in September 2015 by 193 United Nations member states under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, replacing the Millennium Development Goals
- Gujarat has become the first Indian state to roll out a dedicated genome sequencing initiative for its tribal communities, marking a significant advancement in the application of biotechnology to public health
- Mumbai, India’s financial and entertainment hub, has been ranked as Asia’s happiest city in the Time Out 2025 survey, which covered over 18,000 residents across Asia.
- Sahitya Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, released the Hindi translation of the internationally acclaimed Lithuanian novel “The Last Day”, titled “Antim Din”, at Rabindra Bhawan, New Delhi, in collaboration with the Embassy of Lithuania.
- AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB) has launched an exclusive women-focused banking programme called ‘M Circle’, aimed at promoting financial inclusion and empowerment of women.
- Quant Small Cap Fund, the largest fund of Quant Mutual Fund, trimmed stakes in RBL Bank and six other stocks in October 2025, while completely exiting Jana Small Finance Bank and Thyrocare Technologies.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced new rules under the “Reserve Bank of India (Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral) Directions, 2025”, effective from April 1, 2026, allowing loans against silver in addition to gold.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is repatriating large volumes of India’s gold reserves previously stored overseas, bringing over 64 tonnes back between March and September 2025.
- COP30 refers to the 30th meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), bringing together nearly 200 countries to negotiate global climate action.
- Denmark’s government announced on November 7, 2025, a political agreement to ban social media access for children under 15 years of age.
- The Western Desert of Egypt has emerged as a key frontier for energy exploration, with new natural gas discoveries boosting domestic production.
- A high-level Ethiopian delegation visited India to study the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), focusing on poverty alleviation and women’s economic empowerment.
- India reaffirmed its commitment to climate action based on equity, national circumstances, and the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) principle during the Leaders’ Summit of CoP30 on November 7, 2025.
- Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri is at Guam in the Northern Pacific to participate in the multilateral Exercise Malabar-2025.
- Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh chaired a comprehensive review meeting of Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) on November 10, 2025, at the newly inaugurated DPSU Bhawan, World Trade Centre, Naoroji Nagar, New Delhi.
- Navy Day 2025 will be celebrated on 4th December at Shangumugham Beach, Thiruvananthapuram, featuring a spectacular Operational Demonstration.
- Google launched ‘Ironwood’, its 7th-generation Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) in November 2025, marking a major challenge to Nvidia’s dominance in the AI infrastructure
- National Education Day 2025 is observed on 11th November 2025 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India’s first Education Minister
- November 9 marks Uttarakhand Foundation Day, commemorating the formation of India’s 27th state in the year 2000, carved out of Uttar Pradesh.
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