Daily Current Affairs 24th October 2025 | Latest News | Download PDF

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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Nomination Provisions under Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 to Take Effect from November 1, 2025

• The Key Provisions relating to Nomination under the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 will come into effect from 1st November 2025.
• The Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 was notified on 15th April 2025 and includes 19 amendments across five legislations: the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, Banking Regulation Act, 1949, State Bank of India Act, 1955, and the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Acts, 1970 and 1980.

Key Highlights :

Nomination-Related Provisions

• The Central Government has notified that Sections 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the Amendment Act will come into force from 1st November 2025.
• These sections relate to nomination facilities for deposit accounts, articles in safe custody, and contents of safety lockers maintained with banks.
• The new provisions allow customers to nominate up to four persons, either simultaneously or successively, simplifying claim settlement.

Types of Nomination

• For deposit accounts, depositors may choose simultaneous or successive nominations.
• For articles in safe custody and safety lockers, only successive nominations are permitted.
• In simultaneous nomination, depositors can nominate up to four persons and must specify the share or percentage of entitlement for each, ensuring the total equals 100 percent.
• In successive nominations, up to four nominees may be specified, where the next nominee becomes operative only upon the death of the nominee placed higher.

Overall Objectives and Implementation

• The implementation of these provisions will provide greater flexibility to depositors and ensure uniformity, transparency, and efficiency in claim settlement across the banking system.
• The Banking Companies (Nomination) Rules, 2025 will soon be issued, detailing the procedure and prescribed forms for making, cancelling, or specifying multiple nominations.
• The Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 aims to strengthen governance standards, enhance depositor and investor protection, improve audit quality in public sector banks, ensure uniformity in reporting to the Reserve Bank of India, and promote customer convenience.
• The Act also provides for rationalisation of the tenure of directors, other than the Chairman and Whole-time Directors, in co-operative banks.

About Ministry of Finance:

• Cabinet Minister: Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
• Minister of State (MoS): Shri Pankaj Chaudhary, Dr. Bhagwat Kishanrao Karad

India Records 159% Decline in Net Foreign Direct Investment in August 2025

• Net Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India fell by 159% in August 2025, marking the second instance in FY26 where outflows exceeded inflows, indicating a reversal of capital trends and concerns over investment climate and external sector stability.
• Gross FDI inflows in August 2025 stood at $6,049 million, showing a 30.6% decline compared to August 2024, while rising outflows and repatriation contributed to the negative net FDI.
• The decline suggests that foreign companies may be withdrawing capital, or Indian firms are increasing their overseas investments, affecting overall capital movement patterns.
• Net FDI represents the difference between gross inflows and total outflows (repatriation + outward FDI), serving as a key indicator of investor confidence and economic stability.
• Despite the August setback, cumulative Net FDI during April–August 2025 stood at $10,128 million, a 121% increase over the same period last year, reflecting strong inflows in earlier months of FY26.
• The overall trend highlights volatility in FDI flows influenced by domestic policies, global uncertainties, and investment sentiment.

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Makes First Investment Under AgriSURE Fund at Global Fintech Festival 2025

• The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABAARD) announced its first investment under the AgriSURE Fund at the Global Fintech Festival (GFF) 2025, a fund jointly promoted with the Union Agriculture Ministry to boost agri-fintech innovation.
• Fambo Innovation Pvt Ltd was recognised as the first investor under the AgriSURE Fund, a startup that connects farmers and farmer producer organisations (FPOs) with food businesses to enhance market linkages.
• NABARD showcased other supported ventures at GFF 2025, including:
• Kuberjee Tech Pvt Ltd (financial solutions),
• NAVADHAN Capital (credit access for smallholder farmers), and
• SLO Technologies (Advarisk) (real-time collateral management platform).
• Platforms like Global Fintech Festival and NABARD hackathons are being used to develop innovative solutions such as low-cost MRV systems that help measure climate-friendly farming impacts and allow farmers to access benefits like carbon credits.
• The RuralTech CoLab portal, launched at GFF 2025, aims to bring together fintech, agritech, and digital service providers to create scalable, inclusive, and tech-driven solutions for rural India.

Reserve Bank of India Merges 9,000 Circulars Into 238 Comprehensive Master Directions

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has consolidated regulatory instructions issued up to October 9, 2025, into 238 Master Directions covering 11 types of regulated entities.
• Around 9,000 circulars, including Master Circulars, will be repealed and merged into these consolidated directions.
• The 11 regulated entities include — Commercial Banks, Small Finance Banks, Payments Banks, Local Area Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Urban Co-operative Banks, Rural Co-operative Banks, All-India Financial Institutions, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs), and Credit Information Companies.
• Directions issued by NABARD for Regional Rural Banks and Co-operative Banks have also been included in consultation with NABARD.

Jio Payments Bank Wins Contract to Deploy Multi-Lane Free Flow Toll System on Gurugram–Jaipur Highway

• Jio Payments Bank Limited (JPBL), a subsidiary of Jio Financial Services Limited, has won a contract to implement the Multi-lane Free Flow (MLFF) toll collection system at two toll plazas on the Gurugram–Jaipur National Highway.
• The project is part of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) initiative, implemented through Indian Highways Management Company Limited (IHMCL), to develop a barrierless tolling system using FASTag and Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)
• Out of the five MLFF bids awarded so far, JPBL has secured two, highlighting its growing presence in digital toll collection operations that started in July 2025.
• JPBL currently manages toll operations at 11 toll plazas across India and plans to expand its role in infrastructure-linked digital payments.
• The MLFF system will be initially deployed at 25 National Highway fee plazas in FY2025–26, with the participation of banks and system integrators.

Insurance Samadhan Partners with Jaagruk Bharat to Tackle Insurance Mis-Selling

• Insurance Samadhan, a grievance redressal platform, has partnered with Jaagruk Bharat, a digital awareness platform, to combat insurance mis-selling.
• The partnership aims to educate citizens on mis-selling practices and empower them to identify and act against such issues.
• Jaagruk Bharat will conduct digital campaigns, create educational content, and use storytelling initiatives to highlight red flags in insurance purchases and promote consumer rights.
• The joint initiative seeks to make insurance simpler, transparent, and trustworthy for policyholders.

RBI FAQs-Retail Direct Scheme

• Retail Direct Scheme is a one-stop solution launched by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to enable individual investors to directly invest in Government Securities (G-Secs).
• Under this scheme, investors can open a Retail Direct Gilt (RDG) Account with RBI through the online portal – https://rbiretaildirect.org.in.
• The RDG account allows retail investors to buy Government securities in primary auctions and buy/sell in the secondary market without any intermediaries.

Key Highlights :

G-Secs as an Investment

• Government Securities (G-Secs) are considered risk-free as they carry no credit risk and are backed by the Government of India.
• G-Secs offer decent yields for long durations, with a yield curve extending up to 40 years, providing a stable long-term investment option.
• G-Secs offer a prospect of capital gains, as bond prices rise when interest rates fall.
• G-Secs have reasonable liquidity, and with the Retail Direct Portal, investors can easily transact in both primary and secondary markets.
• Investment in G-Secs helps diversify portfolios, reducing overall investment risk.

Key Scheme Features

• The Retail Direct Scheme is completely free of charge, with zero account opening or maintenance fees.
• Investors can invest in Treasury Bills (T-Bills), Government of India dated securities, State Development Loans (SDLs), and Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs) through the platform.

Eligibility and Account Details

• Eligible investors include individuals with a rupee savings bank account, PAN, KYC-compliant documents, valid email ID, and registered mobile number.
• Non-resident Indians (NRIs) eligible under the FEMA Act, 1999, can also open RDG accounts.
• Only one RDG account can be opened per individual, either singly or jointly with another eligible investor.
• The RBI Retail Direct Portal provides services like account statement, nomination, pledge/lien, grievance redressal, and profile management.
• The KYC verification can be done either through CKYC or video KYC

Investment Limits and Transactions

• The minimum investment amount is ₹10,000 for T-Bills, G-Secs, and SDLs, and 1 gram of gold for SGBs.
• The maximum investment limit in the non-competitive primary auction segment is ₹2 crore per G-Sec auction and 1% of the notified amount for SDLs.
• For SGBs, individuals can invest up to 4 kg of gold per fiscal year (including both primary and secondary purchases).
• Securities can be bought in primary auctions (non-competitive bids) or the secondary market through the portal.
• Payments can be made via UPI (transfer or block) or Net Banking linked to the investor’s registered bank account.
• Securities are credited to the RDG account on the settlement date (T+1 day) after the auction or trade.
• All holdings are maintained in a Gilt account with RBI, under the Constituents’ Subsidiary General Ledger (CSGL)

Other Rules

• Investors can gift or transfer Government securities to any eligible person as per the Government Securities Act, 2006.
• Investors can change registered mobile numbers, emails, and nominees anytime through the portal.
• The Retail Direct Account is free of cost, though payment gateway charges may apply during transactions.
• Nomination is compulsory, and investors can add up to two nominees for their account.
• The scheme provides safe, transparent, and direct access for retail investors to participate in the Government securities market without relying on intermediaries or mutual funds.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Ladakh May Get Article 371-Like Provisions

• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) proposed granting Article 371-like provisions to Ladakh after discussions with the Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA).
• The proposal follows deadly protests over demands for statehood and constitutional safeguards, in which four people, including a Kargil war veteran, died.
• Background: Since the 2019 reorganisation of Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh functions as a Union Territory without a legislature, leading to growing discontent over land rights, cultural identity, and political representation.
• Demands by LAB and KDA:
  • Full statehood for Ladakh
  • Sixth Schedule status to protect tribal rights and land ownership
  • Release of activists, including Sonam Wangchuk, detained during protests
  • Compensation for victims of police action in Leh
• Article 371 vs Sixth Schedule:
  • Article 371: Special provisions for states to safeguard local laws, culture, and administration; currently applied in 12 states, e.g., Nagaland, Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim.
  • Sixth Schedule: Applied in tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram; allows:
    • Autonomous District Councils
    • Legislative powers on land, forests, customs, community laws
    • Greater local self-governance for tribal populations
• Locals favor Sixth Schedule as it better addresses Ladakh’s tribal demographics and geographical concerns than Article 371.

About Ladakh (Union Territory):

• Lieutenant Governor: Kavinder Gupta
• Capital: Leh (summer), Kargil (winter)
• Districts: Leh and Kargil
• National Parks: Hemis National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• On August 1, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched a 10-day high-altitude isolation experiment in Ladakh. Conducted at 14,000 feet, this mission simulates the extreme conditions astronauts might face on long-duration space missions to the Moon or Mars.

National Highways Authority of India Deploys 3D Laser-Based Network Survey Vehicles

• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is deploying 3D laser-based Network Survey Vehicles (NSVs) across 23 states, covering over 20,933 km of national highways.
• This initiative is part of a broader effort by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways to utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) for enhancing road infrastructure management in India.
• Network Survey Vehicles (NSVs) are advanced vehicles equipped with 3D laser technology capable of collecting precise data on the physical condition of roadways.
• NSVs automatically detect surface cracking, potholes, patches, wear, and other pavement-related defects without requiring human intervention.
• The primary objectives of the initiative are to improve road safety, preventive maintenance, and asset management.
• By surveying 20,933 km of National Highway stretches, NHAI aims to implement data-driven decision-making for road upgrades and repairs across the covered states.
• All data collected is uploaded to NHAI’s AI-based Data Lake portal for further processing. The data will be:
  • Analysed by a dedicated team of experts
  • Used to plan timely interventions
  • Help create a digital inventory of the national highway network
• This approach ensures that road defects are identified and addressed before they escalate, reducing repair costs and ensuring smoother travel.
• The initiative represents a shift from reactive to proactive road management, aligning with India’s vision of smart and sustainable infrastructure.
• By using AI and 3D imaging, NHAI enhances its ability to:
  • Monitor roads in real time
  • Minimize manual errors
  • Prioritize maintenance based on actual road conditions
• The project is expected to improve transparency and accountability in infrastructure projects, while ensuring safer and more reliable travel for road users.

Andhra Pradesh CM N. Chandrababu Naidu’s UAE Visit to Boost Investments

• Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu embarked on a three-day visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to promote foreign investments in green energy, digital infrastructure, and urban development.
• On the first day, he engaged with top Indian diplomats in Dubai, including A. Amarnath, Charge d’Affaires of the Indian Embassy in Abu Dhabi, and Satish Sivan, Consul General in Dubai, highlighting strengthened India-UAE relations under Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Naidu emphasized Andhra Pradesh’s investor-friendly policies and cited Google’s investment as a milestone in building a tech-driven economy.
• The visit focused on attracting UAE investors to:
  • Invest in renewable energy projects (solar and wind power)
  • Develop data centres leveraging AP’s coastal and digital connectivity
  • Partner in smart city and infrastructure projects in Amaravati and Visakhapatnam
• The initiative aligns with India’s sustainable development goals, green transition, and net-zero targets.
• A key outcome was a ₹100 crore pledge by Ravi P.N.C. Menon for a world-class public library in Amaravati, aimed at creating a modern knowledge centre for students, researchers, and citizens.
• The library project complements other urban and cultural infrastructure plans, reinforcing Amaravati’s educational and social ecosystem.

About Andhra Pradesh:

• Chief Minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
• Capital: Amaravati
• National Parks: Sri Venkateswara National Park, Papikonda National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary, Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary, Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department has won the prestigious Global Tourism Award 2025, recognizing its outstanding initiatives in positioning Andhra Pradesh as one of India’s most promising tourist destinations. The award was received by tourism consultant Nishitha Goyal on behalf of the department at a ceremony held in New Delhi.

Kerala to Become India’s First State Free of Extreme Poverty

• Kerala is set to become the first state in India to be officially declared “free of extreme poverty” on November 1, 2025, during an event at Central Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram, to be announced by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan.
• The declaration reflects Kerala’s sustained focus on inclusive growth, targeted welfare programmes, and social equity, setting a model for other states.

Key Highlights

• The Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme was launched in 2021 soon after the Left Democratic Front (LDF) government began its second term. It was among the first Cabinet decisions post-election.
• The initiative aimed to identify and uplift families in severe economic distress, integrate housing, food, health, and income support, and enable rehabilitation through employment, education, and asset creation.
• The programme followed a multi-sectoral approach, ensuring families received not only aid but also sustainable pathways out of poverty.
• Extreme poverty generally refers to households that lack basic income, shelter, food, and health, are excluded from welfare schemes, and suffer multi-generational poverty.
• Kerala used social surveys, panchayat-level data, and NGO interventions for accurate poverty mapping and beneficiary identification.
• The achievement has major policy significance as it provides a benchmark for other states, aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 – End Poverty in All Its Forms Everywhere, and promotes understanding of poverty as multidimensional (beyond income).
• It also highlights the need for updated national poverty data, as the last official figures were released in 2011.
• Following the declaration, Kerala plans to continue monitoring vulnerable households, expand skill development and job-linking programmes, and strengthen safety nets for marginalised communities to prevent any return to extreme poverty.

About Kerala:

• Chief Minister: Pinarayi Vijayan
• Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
• National Parks: Eravikulam National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley National Park, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Chilika Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• On October 5, 2025, a museum dedicated to one of India’s most celebrated modern artists, A Ramachandran, will be inaugurated in Kollam, Kerala, by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan

Chennai Becomes First Indian City to Fully Implement Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Spatial Decision Support System (RTFF & SDSS)

• Chennai has achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first Indian city to fully operationalize the Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Spatial Decision Support System (RTFF & SDSS) in October 2025, significantly strengthening its urban flood management and climate resilience capabilities.
• The RTFF & SDSS integrates real-time hydrometeorological data to predict, monitor, and manage flood events using a combination of advanced technologies including Automatic Rain Gauges (ARGs), Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), Automatic Water Level Recorders (AWLRs), and Gate Sensors (GS).

Key Highlights

• Covering an area of 4,974 sq km, the system encompasses Chennai city and surrounding districts, focusing on key river sub-basins such as the Adyar, Cooum, Kosasthalaiyar, and Kovalam Rivers, enabling authorities to identify vulnerable zones and take timely preventive measures.
• The project was funded by the World Bank under the Project Development Grant Fund (PDGF) and implemented by the Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited (TNUIFSL) in collaboration with SECON Private Limited and JBA Consulting (United Kingdom).
• The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M) provided scientific supervision and ensured technological robustness.
• The system operates through a central Hydro Modelling Control Room (HMCR) in Chennai, supported by Regional Control and Command Centres (RCCCs) located at Royapuram, Anna Nagar, and Adyar, equipped with CCTV cameras, flood and rain sensors, and water level meters for real-time monitoring and localized response.
• The launch of RTFF & SDSS marks a transformative step in India’s urban disaster preparedness, enhancing Chennai’s ability to predict floods, minimize losses, and support data-driven urban planning, setting a benchmark for other Indian cities in climate resilience and smart infrastructure.

About Tamil Nadu:

• Capital: Chennai
• Chief Minister: K. Stalin
• Governor: N. Ravi
• National Parks: Mudumalai National Park, Mukurthi National Park, Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park, Guindy National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary, Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS: INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Saudi Arabia Abolishes Kafala System Under Vision 2030 Labour Reforms

• Saudi Arabia has abolished the Kafala system in October 2025, a move announced in June 2025, marking a historic labour reform under Vision 2030 aimed at modernising the economy and improving human rights.

Key Highlights :

• The Kafala (sponsorship) system, introduced in the 1950s, gave employers (kafeels) total control over foreign workers’ employment, mobility, and legal rights, leading to widespread exploitation.
• Under the Kafala system, workers faced passport confiscation, restrictions on job changes, denial of exit without employer consent, and limited legal protection, often resulting in abuse and forced labour conditions.
• India has over 2.5 million migrant workers in Saudi Arabia, many of whom suffered from wage theft, abuse, and mobility restrictions, especially women domestic workers who were highly vulnerable under the old system.
• The new contract-based labour system replacing Kafala introduces major reforms such as:
  • freedom to change jobs without sponsor approval,
  • right to exit the country without an exit visa or employer’s permission,
  • legally enforceable employment contracts and access to labour courts, and
  • improved wage protection and better working conditions in line with International Labour Organization (ILO)
• The reform aligns with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s Vision 2030, which seeks to diversify the Saudi economy, enhance its global image, and strengthen international labour relations.

New Zealand to Debate Bill Restricting Social Media Access for Under-16s Amid Rising Teen Mental Health Concerns

• New Zealand is set to debate a bill that would restrict social media access for children under 16, reflecting global concerns over teen mental health and online safety.
• The bill was introduced by National Party MP Catherine Wedd and proposes mandatory age verification by tech companies before new users can register on platforms.
• If enacted, New Zealand would become one of the few countries in the world with such strict social media access laws for minors.

Key Highlights :

• The proposed law mandates that social media companies like Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat, and X (formerly Twitter) must verify users’ age (16 or older) before account creation.
• The legislation mirrors Australia’s 2024 law, which banned under-16s from social media and introduced strict identity verification systems.
• Although the bill was submitted in May 2025, it gained momentum recently after being selected through New Zealand’s member’s bill lottery, which allows non-cabinet MPs to introduce legislation.
• The government’s concern centers on rising mental health issues among teens, such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, linked to social media exposure.
• Other key issues include cyberbullying, misinformation, and body image pressure caused by algorithm-driven content promoting unrealistic standards.
• The bill faces opposition from civil liberties groups like PILLAR, which argue that mandatory age verification could compromise user privacy and expose personal data to misuse.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Neeraj Chopra Conferred Honorary Rank of Lieutenant Colonel in Territorial Army

• Neeraj Chopra, two-time Olympic medallist and India’s iconic javelin thrower, has been conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army (TA).
• The honour recognises his extraordinary sporting achievements, discipline, dedication, and national pride, bridging Indian defence traditions with sporting excellence.

Key Highlights

• Neeraj Chopra’s association with the Indian Army began in August 2016, when he was inducted as a Naib Subedar, a junior commissioned officer.
• He was promoted to Subedar in 2021 after his Tokyo Olympics gold medal and to Subedar Major in 2022, along with receiving the Padma Shri and Param Vishisht Seva Medal, the highest peacetime honour in the Army.
• The honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel, effective from 16 April 2025, further solidifies his stature as a national icon in sports and the armed forces.
• The Territorial Army is a part-time volunteer force supporting the regular Indian Army. The honorary rank is symbolic and awarded to civilians or non-serving personnel in recognition of exceptional contributions to the nation.
• The rank was bestowed during a pipping ceremony in New Delhi, attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi, who praised Chopra for perseverance, patriotism, and inspiration to youth and armed forces.
• Neeraj Chopra’s sporting achievements include:
  • Arjuna Award in 2018 for early contributions to athletics
  • Khel Ratna Award in 2021, India’s highest sporting honour
  • Olympic Gold Medal in Tokyo 2020, India’s first in track and field
  • World Championship Silver and Gold Medals, reinforcing his global athletics status
• The award holds significance beyond personal recognition, highlighting:
  • Integration of national pride across sectors, showing how military institutions honour civilian excellence
  • Encouragement for youth to aspire toward discipline, patriotism, and excellence
  • Strengthening ties between sports and national service, motivating athletes to contribute to nation-building
• Neeraj Chopra joins a distinguished list of sports personalities, including MS Dhoni and Abhinav Bindra, who have also been honoured by the Indian Armed Forces with similar ranks.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Coal India Limited Signs MoU with IIT Madras to Establish Centre for Sustainable Energy

• Coal India Limited (CIL) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) to establish the  “Centre for Sustainable Energy” at IIT Madras.
• The MoU was signed by Shri Achyut Ghatak, Director (Technical), CIL, and Shri V. Kamakoti, Director, IIT Madras, in the presence of Shri P.M. Prasad, Chairman, CIL, along with senior officials from both organisations.
• The Centre will serve as a hub for cutting-edge research and development (R&D) and capacity-building initiatives in sustainable energy technologies.
• It will focus on developing solutions for repurposing coal mines, creating low-carbon technologies, and reimagining coal as a feedstock for India’s clean energy future.
• The initiative is supported by CIL’s funding and aligns with its strategic diversification goals.
• The Centre will also contribute to human capital development through Ph.D., postdoctoral, and internship programs, nurturing the next generation of researchers and engineers.
• This initiative underscores a shared commitment to leading India’s energy transition and achieving the nation’s net-zero ambitions by 2070.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

INS Sahyadri Takes Part in JAIMEX-25 Sea Phase and Makes Port Call at Yokosuka, Japan

• Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri, an indigenously built Shivalik-class Guided Missile Stealth Frigate, participated in the Sea Phase of JAIMEX-25 (Japan-India Maritime Exercise) from 16–18 October 2025 and made a port call at Yokosuka, Japan on 21 October 2025 for the Harbour Phase.
• INS Sahyadri and JMSDF Ships Asahi, Oumi, and Submarine Jinryu participated in advanced Anti-Submarine Warfare and missile defence drills during the Sea Phase, enhancing interoperability through flying operations and underway replenishment.
• JAIMEX-25 strengthens Navy-to-Navy interactions under the ‘Special Strategic and Global Partnership’ (established in 2014) between India and Japan, aimed at ensuring peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific.
• During the Harbour Phase at Yokosuka, crews of INS Sahyadri and JMSDF units engaged in professional and cultural exchanges, including cross-deck visits, operational planning, sharing of best practices, and a combined Yoga session to promote camaraderie and unity.
• The port call formed part of INS Sahyadri’s Long Range Deployment to the Indo-Pacific region, showcasing India’s active maritime presence.
• Commissioned in 2012, INS Sahyadri reflects India’s progress in indigenous defence manufacturing under the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ (Self-Reliant India)

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Indian-American Paul Kapur Assumes Office as US Assistant Secretary for South and Central Asian Affairs

• Indian-American security expert Paul Kapur has been officially sworn in as the Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs in the Trump administration.
• He was among 107 nominees approved by the US Senate and will lead America’s diplomatic engagement with key South and Central Asian nations, including India.
• Kapur succeeds Donald Lu, who served as Assistant Secretary from September 2021 to January 2025.
• As Assistant Secretary, he will oversee US relations with 13 countries — India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
• Paul Kapur was born in New Delhi to an Indian father and an American mother.
• He previously served in the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff (2020–2021), focusing on South and Central Asia, Indo-Pacific strategy, and US-India relations.
• In his book “Jihad as Grand Strategy: Islamist Militancy, National Security, and the Pakistani State,” he argued that Pakistan’s use of jihad is a deliberate state strategy, not merely a by-product of instability.

Google Cloud Appoints Karthik Narain as Chief Product and Business Officer to Lead AI and Enterprise Growth

• Google Cloud has appointed Karthik Narain as its new Chief Product and Business Officer, a key leadership role aimed at driving advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and enterprise technology.
• Google CEO Sundar Pichai officially welcomed Karthik Narain to the leadership team, emphasizing his strategic role in strengthening Google Cloud’s AI and business product portfolio.
• Before joining Google Cloud, Karthik Narain served as the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at Accenture, where he played a major role in technology transformation and innovation initiatives.
• Between 2005 and 2015, he worked at HLCTech as Vice President and Vertical Head for High Tech, Software & Platforms, and Automotive divisions, contributing to sectoral growth and technology leadership.
• Earlier in his career, from 2000 to 2005, he was with Infosys as a Senior Relationship Manager – Financial Services, where he managed key client relationships and digital transformation projects.

Dame Sarah Mullally Named First Woman to Lead the Church of England as Archbishop of Canterbury Designate

• Dame Sarah Mullally has been appointed Archbishop of Canterbury designate, becoming the first woman to hold the Church of England’s most senior position.
• She was ordained in 2006 and became the first female Bishop of London in 2018, which is the third-highest office in the Church.
• Mullally will officially assume office in January 2026 after the confirmation of election and an enthronement ceremony.
• Her appointment comes nearly a year after Justin Welby resigned, following criticism over his handling of a Church abuse case.
• Aged 63, Mullally previously had a 35-year career in the NHS, where she became England’s youngest Chief Nursing Officer in 1999 before transitioning to the priesthood.
• She earlier served as Bishop of Crediton (2015) and later as Bishop of London, where she leveraged her NHS experience to modernize church structures and promote inclusive leadership.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Competition Commission of India Clears Shareholding Acquisition in Edelweiss Asset Management and Trusteeship Units by Setu AIF Trust, Konark Trust, and MMPL Trust

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the acquisition of shareholding in Edelweiss Asset Management Limited (EAML) and Edelweiss Trusteeship Company Limited (ETCL) by Setu AIF Trust, Konark Trust, and MMPL Trust.
• The proposed combination involves acquiring up to 15% shareholding in both EAML and ETCL through interconnected steps.
• Setu AIF Trust is a Category II Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) registered with SEBI and operates through its investment manager, MMPL.
• Edelweiss Asset Management Limited (EAML), incorporated in 2007, is an unlisted public company that serves as the asset management company for Edelweiss Mutual Fund (EMF), managing fund design, portfolio management, investor servicing, and compliance.
• Edelweiss Trusteeship Company Limited (ETCL) acts as the trustee for Edelweiss Mutual Fund, ensuring regulatory and fiduciary compliance.

About CCI:

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body within the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and is responsible for enforcing the Competition Act of 2002.
• Founded: October 14, 2003
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Chairperson: Ravneet Kaur

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

FIDE World Cup 2025 Logo and Anthem Unveiled in Goa

• Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant unveiled the official logo and anthem of the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) World Cup 2025 at a cultural ceremony held in Panaji, Goa  marking the return of global chess to India after 23 years.
• The FIDE World Cup 2025 will be held in North Goa from October 31 to November 27, 2025, featuring 206 elite players from 82 countries in a knockout format with a prize purse of USD 2 million (approximately INR 17.58 crore).
• The official logo features three trapezoidal panels symbolizing Goa’s identity:
  • Green panel – white palm tree over blue waves representing Goa’s coastal beauty
  • Red panel – white checkerboard pattern symbolizing chess
  • Yellow panel – stylized sun with curved rays denoting Goa’s warmth and festive spirit
• The anthem titled “It’s Your Move”, sung by Daler Mehndi, blends traditional and modern elements and features Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with leading Indian chess players — D. Gukesh (World Champion), Arjun Erigaisi, Koneru Humpy, Tania Sachdev, and Vidit Gujarati.
• CM Dr. Pramod Sawant stated that hosting the World Cup reflects Goa’s commitment to becoming a global sports destination and highlights India’s growing prominence in world chess.
• Dr. Ramesh Tawadkar, Minister for Art and Culture, emphasized the event’s fusion of sports, tourism, and tradition, while Nitin Narang, President of the All-India Chess Federation (AICF), called it a national triumph that would “ignite new energy in Indian chess.”
• The event represents a turning point for Indian chess, showcasing India’s soft power, youth talent, and cultural pride, reinforcing the country’s position as a global chess hub.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

United Nations Day was formed on 24th October

• United Nations Day is observed on the 24th of October 2025.

• UNO is now aiming to bring the Values and Principles of Life of the UN Charter to every corner of the world.

History

• The United Nations Conference took place in San Francisco in 1945. 50 countries came to the conference to form the United Nations Charter.
• The Aim of the United Nations Organisation is to bring peace among the people to stop the War Situation.
• UNO also works to reduce Poverty across the Globe. The Permanent members of UNO are the United States, India, the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, and Canada.
• The United Nations Day is celebrated for the remembrance of the formation of the United Nations Organisation.
• Arranging Funds for the Countries below the Poverty line to make sure that the Poverty is eliminated globally.
• UNO also fights to reduce Inequality among people.
• UNO decided to advise the Developed Countries to reduce the usage of Fossil fuels for their Energy Sources and to Concentrate on Renewable Resources like Solar Power, Wind Power, etc..,
• The United Nations Organisation will also celebrate Women’s Day, Elders Day, World Peace Day, and other days formulated by the UNO.

World Polio Day is observed on 24th October

• World Polio Day is observed on the 24th of October 
• The World Polio Day 2025 theme is “End Polio: Every Child, Every Vaccine, Everywhere,”
• Polio is a contagious and dangerous virus that affects the Central System causing Permanent Paralysis of Human beings.
• So Eradicating Polio is the most important task and it has been eradicated by 99.9%.

History

• World Polio Day was first initiated and Celebrated by Rotary International for the birthday of Jonas Salk, the Medical Researcher who led the first team to develop a vaccine against polio.
• He developed the Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in 1955.
• Later Albert Sabin developed the Oral Polio Vaccine in 1962. Rotary International and WHO established the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988.
• At the time there were around 3,50,000 cases across the world. Now the European Countries have completely eradicated polio and now announced themselves as Polio-free Countries.
• But still Asian Countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India still find rare cases across the country.

World Development Information Day is observed on 24th October.

• World Development Information Day is observed on the 24th of October.
•  World Development Information Day aims to use the strength of Information technology to solve development problems across countries.

History

• The United Nations General Assembly conducted a conference on Trade and Development on 17th May 1972.
• In that, they gave a proposal to develop and reduce conflicts between nations by asking for public opinion through Information Technology. The Resolution was passed on 19th December 1972.
• From 24th October 1973 next year, World Development Day has been celebrated.
• The Development of Informed Technology has solved many international issues, trading has been improved across nations. Public Thoughts are viewed lively by Media support, through Internet support.
• Telephonic Chats helped leaders to resolve the border issue quickly.

ITBP Raising Day is observed on 24th October.

• ITBP Raising Day 2025 is observed on the 24th of October.
• ITBP stands for Indo-Tibetian Border Police. This day has been raised to honour the border police force who are bordering INDO-China from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh at high altitudes for the sake of protecting our Nation.

History

• The war took place between India and China in 1962 in the Himalayan region which is the highest altitude in the country.
• Since it is at the highest altitude the weather conditions are worse which will be around 25 degrees Celcius. Due to the Climatic Conditions and also the Chinese army’s Out-numbered Indian soldiers, India lost the war.
• Then in order to protect the nation at a difficult altitude, a special security force formed under CRPF called Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP). They Cover the border region from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh. Nearly 85,000 policemen have been involved in this ITBP.
• It has been separated into many Battalions. Specially Trained Battalions will be upfront which is called the first line of defence. The Formation of ITBP is called ITBP Raising Day.

Daily CA One- Liner: October 24

• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) proposed granting Article 371-like provisions to Ladakh after discussions with the Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance
• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is deploying 3D laser-based Network Survey Vehicles (NSVs) across 23 states, covering over 20,933 km of national highways.
• Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu embarked on a three-day visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to promote foreign investments in green energy, digital infrastructure, and urban development
• Kerala is set to become the first state in India to be officially declared “free of extreme poverty” on November 1, 2025, during an event at Central Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram, to be announced by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan
• Chennai has achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first Indian city to fully operationalize the Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Spatial Decision Support System (RTFF & SDSS) in October 2025, significantly strengthening its urban flood management and climate resilience capabilities
• Neeraj Chopra, two-time Olympic medallist and India’s iconic javelin thrower, has been conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army
• Coal India Limited (CIL) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) to establish the “Centre for Sustainable Energy” at IIT Madras
• Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant unveiled the official logo and anthem of the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) World Cup 2025 at a cultural ceremony held in Panaji, Goa marking the return of global chess to India after 23 years.
• The Key Provisions relating to Nomination under the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 will come into effect from 1st November 2025.
• Net Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India fell by 159% in August 2025, marking the second instance in FY26 where outflows exceeded inflows, indicating a reversal of capital trends and concerns over investment climate and external sector stability.
• The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABAARD) announced its first investment under the AgriSURE Fund at the Global Fintech Festival (GFF) 2025, a fund jointly promoted with the Union Agriculture Ministry to boost agri-fintech innovation.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has consolidated regulatory instructions issued up to October 9, 2025, into 238 Master Directions covering 11 types of regulated entities.
• Jio Payments Bank Limited (JPBL), a subsidiary of Jio Financial Services Limited, has won a contract to implement the Multi-lane Free Flow (MLFF) toll collection system at two toll plazas on the Gurugram–Jaipur National Highway.
• Insurance Samadhan, a grievance redressal platform, has partnered with Jaagruk Bharat, a digital awareness platform, to combat insurance mis-selling.
• Retail Direct Scheme is a one-stop solution launched by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to enable individual investors to directly invest in Government Securities (G-Secs).
• Saudi Arabia has abolished the Kafala system in October 2025, a move announced in June 2025, marking a historic labour reform under Vision 2030 aimed at modernising the economy and improving human rights.
• New Zealand is set to debate a bill that would restrict social media access for children under 16, reflecting global concerns over teen mental health and online safety.
• Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri, an indigenously built Shivalik-class Guided Missile Stealth Frigate, participated in the Sea Phase of JAIMEX-25 (Japan-India Maritime Exercise) from 16–18 October 2025 and made a port call at Yokosuka, Japan on 21 October 2025 for the Harbour Phase.
• Indian-American security expert Paul Kapur has been officially sworn in as the Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs in the Trump administration.
• Google Cloud has appointed Karthik Narain as its new Chief Product and Business Officer, a key leadership role aimed at driving advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and enterprise technology.
• Dame Sarah Mullally has been appointed Archbishop of Canterbury designate, becoming the first woman to hold the Church of England’s most senior position.
• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the acquisition of shareholding in Edelweiss Asset Management Limited (EAML) and Edelweiss Trusteeship Company Limited (ETCL) by Setu AIF Trust, Konark Trust, and MMPL Trust.
• United Nations Day is observed on the 24th of October 2025.
• World Polio Day is observed on the 24th of October 
• World Development Information Day is observed on the 24th of October.
• ITBP Raising Day 2025 is observed on the 24th of October

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