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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS
Reserve Bank of India Reaffirms Commitment to FX Global Code for Foreign Exchange Markets
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has signed a renewed Statement of Commitment (SoC) to the FX Global Code on 24 September 2025.
- The FX Global Code (2017) sets out global principles of good practice in the foreign exchange (FX) market, ensuring integrity and effective functioning of the wholesale FX market.
- The RBI confirmed it is a Market Participant under the Code and is committed to aligning its FX activities with its principles.
- The Bank stated it has taken appropriate steps, considering the size, complexity, and nature of its FX operations, to remain consistent with the Code’s standards.
- The FX Global Code was first published in 2017, developed by central banks and market participants globally.
- The Code has been revised twice: in July 2021 and December 2024 by the Global Foreign Exchange Committee (GFXC).
- The GFXC is responsible for the promotion, maintenance, and updating of the FX Global Code.
Reserve Bank of India Directs Banks to Clear Unclaimed Deposits in Three-Month Drive
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks to intensify efforts to return unclaimed deposits to rightful owners, nominees, or heirs during a focused period of October–December 2025 (3 Months).
- Unclaimed deposits are savings/current accounts with no activity for 10 years or term deposits unclaimed for 10 years after maturity.
- Such funds are transferred to the Depositor Education and Awareness (DEA) Fund managed by the RBI, but can be claimed anytime from banks.
- As of March 2024, unclaimed deposits stood at ₹78,213 crore, marking a 26% increase over the previous year.
- To ease claims, the RBI revised rules on inoperative accounts and unclaimed deposits, allowing KYC updates at any bank branch, via V-CIP (video verification), or through business correspondents (BCs).
- The UDGAM portal (Unclaimed Deposits – Gateway to Access Information) enables individuals to check unclaimed deposits across multiple banks with a single online search; over 8.5 lakh users have accessed it since launch.
- Benefits: Helps clean up bank balance sheets, improves customer welfare, supports financial inclusion, and strengthens public trust.
- Challenges: High operational burden on banks in processing claims, risk of fraud due to relaxed verification, and lack of awareness among customers, especially in rural areas.
Jio Payments Bank Launches ‘Savings Pro’ to Boost Returns on Surplus Account Funds
- Jio Payments Bank Limited, a subsidiary of Jio Financial Services Limited, has launched an industry-first facility ‘Savings Pro’ to provide higher returns on surplus funds in savings accounts.
Key Highlights :
- Customers can set a threshold starting from ₹5,000, and any balance above this threshold is automatically invested in Overnight Mutual Funds with low risk.
- The expected returns are up to 6.5% per annum, higher than normal savings account interest rates.
- The daily investment limit is ₹1,50,000 per customer, ensuring flexibility for account holders.
- Customers can get instant redemption of up to 90% of investments (maximum ₹50,000), while the remaining balance is redeemable within 1–2 working days.
- The feature has no entry or exit loads, no hidden charges, and no lock-in period, providing complete transparency.
- The entire process is fully digital through the JioFinance app, where customers can track returns, modify thresholds, and view eligible mutual funds.
- The product leverages annualized 2-year returns data of Overnight Mutual Funds to maximize returns on idle balances.
About Jio Payments Bank Limited :
- Founded : 3 April 2018
- Headquarters : Navi Mumbai, India
- MD & CEO : Vinod Easwaran
CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS
CABINET APPROVALS:
I) Union Cabinet Approves Productivity Linked Bonus for Railway Employees
- The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, approved payment of Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB) of 78 days amounting to ₹1,865.68 crore to 10,91,146 railway employees.
- Timing of Payment: PLB is paid annually before Durga Puja / Dussehra holidays.
- Maximum Payable Amount: ₹17,951 per employee for 78 days’ wages.
- Eligible Employees: Includes Track Maintainers, Loco Pilots, Train Managers (Guards), Station Masters, Supervisors, Technicians, Technician Helpers, Pointsmen, Ministerial Staff, and other Group ‘C’ staff.
- Purpose: Acts as an incentive to motivate railway employees and improve overall performance of Indian Railways.
- Performance of Indian Railways 2024-25:
- Record cargo loaded: 1,614.90 Million Tonnes.
- Passenger carried: Nearly 7.3 billion.
- This measure reflects the Government’s commitment towards rewarding efficiency and productivity in public sector employees.
II) Cabinet Approves Doubling of Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir–Tilaiya Railway Line in Bihar
- The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved the doubling of the Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir–Tilaiya single railway line (104 km) in Bihar.
- Project Cost: ₹2,192 crore (approx.)
- District Coverage: Four districts in Bihar, including Gaya and Nawada (Aspirational Districts).
- Network Expansion: Increases Indian Railways network by 104 km.
- Connectivity Benefits: Provides rail access to prominent destinations such as Rajgir (Shanti Stupa), Nalanda, and Pawapuri, promoting pilgrimage and tourism.
- Population Impact: Enhances connectivity for about 1,434 villages and 13.46 lakh people.
- Freight and Economic Benefits:
- Supports transportation of coal, cement, clinker, fly ash, etc.
- Additional freight capacity: 26 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA).
- Reduces logistics cost, lowers oil imports by 5 crore litres, and cuts CO2 emissions by 24 crore kg (equivalent to planting 1 crore trees).
III) Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs Approves 4-Lane Sahebganj–Areraj–Bettiah NH-139W Project in Bihar
- The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the construction of a 4-lane Sahebganj–Areraj–Bettiah section of National Highway (NH)-139W in Bihar on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM).
- Project details:
- Length: 78.942 km
- Capital Cost: ₹3,822.31 crore
- Design Speed: 100 km/h (average speed 80 km/h)
- Travel Time Reduction: From 2.5 hours to 1 hour (Sahebganj to Bettiah)
- Connectivity benefits: Links Patna with Bettiah covering Vaishali, Saran, Siwan, Gopalganj, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran, and West Champaran districts, extending connectivity up to the Indo-Nepal border.
- PM Gati Shakti linkages: Connects 7 Economic Nodes, 6 Social Nodes, 8 Logistic Nodes, and 9 Major Tourism/Religious Centers.
- Strengthens the Buddhist Circuit and International Tourism Potential of Bihar by improving access to Kesariya Buddha Stupa, Someshwarnath Mandir (Areraj), Jain Mandir, Vishwa Shanti Stupa (Vaishali), and Mahavir Temple (Patna).
- Provides an alternative high-speed corridor to congested and deficient existing routes and links to NH-31, NH-722, NH-727, NH-27, and NH-227A.
- About 14.22 lakh man-days (direct) and 17.69 lakh man-days (indirect), with further opportunities due to increased economic activity around the corridor.
IV) Cabinet Approves DSIR/CSIR Capacity Building and Human Resource Development Scheme
- The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research / Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR/CSIR) Scheme on “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development (CBHRD)” with an outlay of ₹2277.397 crore for the 15th Finance Commission cycle (2021-22 to 2025-26).
- Implemented by CSIR, it covers R&D institutions, national laboratories, Institutes of National Importance, Institutes of Eminence, and Universities across India.
- The scheme provides opportunities for young researchers in Science, Technology, Engineering, Medical, and Mathematical Sciences (STEMM) under the guidance of eminent scientists and professors.
- Plays a crucial role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by increasing researchers per million population and building a pool of high-quality human resources in the Science and Technology (S&T) sector.
- Due to R&D investments, India’s rank in the Global Innovation Index (2024) improved to 39th as per World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and India is now among the top three globally in scientific paper publications (National Science Foundation, USA data).
- Approval marks a milestone in CSIR’s 84 years of service in scientific and industrial research.
- The umbrella scheme CBHRD includes four sub-schemes:
- Doctoral and Postdoctoral Fellowships
- Extramural Research Scheme, Emeritus Scientist Scheme, and Bhatnagar Fellowship Programme
- Promotion and Recognition of Excellence through Award Scheme
- Travel and Symposia Grant Scheme for knowledge sharing
- Strengthens India’s R&D-driven innovation ecosystem and supports preparation for global scientific leadership in the 21st century.
World Food India 2025 to be Held in New Delhi from 25th–28th September 2025
- Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Government of India will organise the 4th edition of World Food India (WFI) 2025 from 25–28 September 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
- The event will be inaugurated by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi.
Key Highlights:
- Aim: To attract global investments, showcase India’s food diversity, and position India as the Food Basket of the World.
- Focus: Building sustainable, innovative, and inclusive food systems.
- Global Participation:
- 1700+ exhibitors, 500+ international buyers, representation from 100+ countries.
- Partner Countries: New Zealand & Saudi Arabia.
- Focus Countries: Russia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Japan & Vietnam.
- Indian Participation: 21 States/UTs and 10 Central Ministries.
- Objectives:
- Doubling farmers’ income.
- Reducing post-harvest losses.
- Promoting startups & entrepreneurship.
- Supporting climate-resilient agriculture.
- Significance: Provides a platform for farmers, processors, investors, startups, exporters, policymakers, and researchers to collaborate and build future-ready food systems.
About Delhi:
- Chief Minister: Rekha Gupta
- Lieutenant Governor: Vinai Kumar Saxena
- Capital: New Delhi
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary, Yamuna Biodiversity Park, Aravalli Biodiversity Park
Union Home Minister Amit Shah Inaugurates Startup Conclave 2025 in Gandhinagar, Gujarat
- Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Startup Conclave 2025 at Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
- Organised by the Gujarat State Education Department; 2-day conclave to boost India’s startup ecosystem.
- Participation:
- 1,000+ startups, 5,000 innovators, 100 industry mentors, 50+ venture capital funds.
- 20 states represented.
- 170+ startups showcased under Startup India, MeitY, and iDEX programs.
- Sectors covered: Agriculture, Defence, AI, Clean Tech, FinTech, Healthcare.
- Major Outcomes:
- Signing of 50 MoUs between startups, investors, and financial institutions.
- Gujarat govt distributed funding cheques & Letters of Intent (LoIs) to startups.
- Vision: Gujarat aims to become a leading startup hub, aligning with national missions – Startup India, Digital India, and Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
About Gujarat:
- Chief Minister: Bhupendra Patel
- Governor: Acharya Devvrat
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- National Parks: Gir National Park, Blackbuck National Park, Vansda National Park, Marine National Park
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Velavadar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Purna Wildlife Sanctuary
RECENT NEWS
- Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated India’s largest and most technologically advanced sports complex at Naranpura in Ahmedabad. The inauguration marks a milestone in India’s journey toward becoming a global sporting powerhouse, aligning with the government’s vision of making India a top sports nation by 2047.
Karnataka Government launches LEAP Programme to Boost Innovation & Job Creation
- Government of Karnataka launched the Local Economy Accelerator Programme (LEAP) with an outlay of ₹1,000 crore for 5 years.
- Implemented by the Department of Electronics, IT & Biotechnology to spread innovation beyond Bengaluru.
Key Highlights:
- Create 5 lakh jobs, strengthen startup ecosystems, and promote regional tech clusters.
- Clusters covered: Mysuru-Chamarajanagar, Mangaluru-Udupi, Hubbali-Belagavi-Dharwad, Tumkur, Kalaburagi, and Shivamogga.
- Startup support measures:
- Entrepreneurship promotion in schools & colleges.
- Grants & funding for early-stage deep-tech startups.
- Infrastructure like incubators, accelerators, prototype & growth labs.
- Hackathons, bootcamps, and digital clinics to build skills.
- Aim: Build globally competitive innovation hubs, ensure equitable development, reduce migration pressures, and diversify Karnataka’s technology base.
About Karnataka:
- Capital: Bengaluru
- Chief Minister: Siddaramaiah
- Governor: Thaawarchand Gehlot
- National Parks: Bandipur National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Kudremukh National Park, Anshi (Kali) National Park, Bannerghatta National Park
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary
Recent news
- Karnataka recorded a dramatic surge in Goods and Services Tax (GST) evasion during the 2024–25 financial year, with the Central GST (CGST) department detecting evasion worth ₹39,577 crore—over five times higher than the previous year.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS
China to Introduce K Visa from October 1, 2025 to Attract Global STEM Talent and Researchers
- China will launch the K Visa on October 1, 2025, aimed at attracting global STEM professionals and researchers.
- The K Visa eligibility requires applicants to be recent graduates or professionals in STEM fields with a Bachelor’s degree or higher from recognized institutions.
- The K Visa does not require an invitation letter or local sponsor/employer, unlike traditional Chinese work visas.
- The visa permits activities like education, scientific research, technology innovation, cultural participation, and entrepreneurship/business ventures.
- Key advantages of K Visa include multiple entries, longer validity, extended duration of stay, and a streamlined application process.
- The initiative comes amid S. restrictions on H-1B visas, including a $100,000 one-time application fee announced under President Donald Trump’s administration.
- The K Visa is positioned as an alternative route for global talent, especially for Indian IT professionals affected by U.S. visa tightening.
26 Nations Pledge Security Guarantees to Ukraine Post-War, Announces French President Emmanuel Macron in Paris
- French President Emmanuel Macron announced in Paris that 26 countries pledged to provide security guarantees to Ukraine after the Russia war ends.
- The pledge, part of a “coalition of the willing,” includes potential deployments on land, sea, and air to deter future Russian aggression.
- Some countries may deploy forces inside Ukraine, while others will support by training, equipping, or funding Ukrainian troops.
- France and the UK indicated willingness to send troops postwar, while Germany and Italy showed caution, focusing on training rather than deployment.
- Bulgaria ruled out ground forces but committed to Black Sea maritime security and de-mining, and proposed a naval security pact with Romania and Turkey.
- The guarantees aim to deter renewed Russian aggression, safeguard Ukraine’s sovereignty, and lay groundwork for NATO or EU integration.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Vandana Gupta Takes Over as Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA)
- Vandana Gupta has officially taken charge as the Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA) in New Delhi under the Ministry of Communications.
- Her elevation was part of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations, marking her rise to the Apex Grade.
- Gupta is a 1990 batch officer of the Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service (IP&TAFS).
- She has held important positions across Maharashtra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Gujarat telecom circles, as well as in DoT headquarters and the Department of Posts (DoP).
- She served as Principal Director at the Government Accounting Standards Advisory Board (GASAB) under the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) in Delhi.
- She worked as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD) and the National Commission for Women (NCW).
- Gupta also served as Controller of Finance at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU).
CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS
71st National Film Awards 2023 Announced; Mohanlal Receives Dadasaheb Phalke Award
- The 71st National Film Awards (2023) were presented at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi by President Droupadi Murmu.
- Mohanlal was conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (2023) for his outstanding contribution to Indian cinema.
Major Awards:
- Best Feature Film – 12th Fail (Dir. Vidhu Vinod Chopra)
- Best Hindi Film – Kathal – A Jackfruit Mystery
- Best Actor (tie) – Shah Rukh Khan (Jawan), Vikrant Massey (12th Fail)
- Best Actress – Rani Mukerji (Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway)
- Best Actress (Supporting Role) – Urvashi (Ullozhukku), Janki Bodiwala (Vash)
- Best Actor (Supporting Role) – Vijayaraghavan (Pookalam), Muthupettai Somu Bhaskar (Parking)
Regional Film Awards:
- Best Hindi Film – Kathal
- Best Telugu Film – Bhagavanth Kesari
- Best Tamil Film – Parking
- Best Malayalam Film – Ullozhukku
- Best Marathi Film – Shyamchi Aai
- Best Kannada Film – Kandeelu
- Best Punjabi Film – Godday Godday Chaa
- Best Assamese Film – Rongatapu 1982
- Best Bengali Film – Deep Fridge
- Best Gujarati Film – Vash
- Best Odia Film – Pushkara
Technical Awards:
- Best Action Direction – Nandu-Prudhvi (HanuMan)
- Best Choreography – Vaibhavi Merchant (Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani)
- Best Lyrics – Kasarla Shyam (Ooru Palleturu – Balagam)
- Best Music Direction – GV Prakash Kumar (Vaathi), Harshavardhan Rameshwar (Animal)
- Best Makeup – Shrikanth Desai (Sam Bahadur)
- Best Costume Design – Sachin, Divya, Nidhhi (Sam Bahadur)
- Best Production Design – Mohandas (2018)
- Best Editing – Midhun Murali (Pookkaalam)
- Best Sound Design – Sachin Sudhakaran, Hariharan (Animal)
- Best Screenplay – Sai Rajesh (Baby), Ramkumar Balakrishnan (Parking)
- Best Dialogue – Deepak Kingrani (Sirf Ek Bandha Kaafi Hai)
- Best Cinematography – Prasanthanu Mohapatra (The Kerala Story)
- Best Playback Singer (Female) – Shilpa Rao (Chaliya – Jawan)
- Best Playback Singer (Male) – Rohit (Premisthunna – Baby)
- Best Child Artists – Sukriti Bandireddi Gandhi (Thatha Chettu), Kabir Khandare (Gypsy), Treesha Toshar, Shrinivas Pokale, Bhargav (Naal 2)
Film Categories:
- Best Film in AVGC – HanuMan
- Best Children’s Film – Naal 2
- Best Film Promoting National, Social Values – Sam Bahadur
- Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment – Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani
- Best Debut Film – Aatmapamphlet
- Best Film – 12th Fail
- Best Documentary Film – God Vulture and Human
- Best Short Film – Giddh the Scavenger
- Best Non-Fiction Film – Flowering Man
Non-Feature Film Awards:
- Best Documentary Film – God Vulture and Human
- Best Non-Feature Film Promoting Social & Environmental Values – The Silent Epidemic
- Best Short Film – Giddh the Scavenger
- Best Debut Film – The Spirit Dreams of Cheraw
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer Receives ‘Living Bridge’ Honour for India-UK Free Trade Agreement
- British Prime Minister Keir Starmer was awarded the ‘Living Bridge’ Honour for successfully concluding the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
- Award presented at the House of Lords, London; accepted by Seema Malhotra, UK’s Minister for the Indo-Pacific.
- Organised by the India Business Group (IBG); the award recognises individuals/organisations strengthening India-UK relations.
- Other 2025 awardees:
- GMR Group (India)
- GP Hinduja (British Indian businessman)
- Bina Mehta (Chair, KPMG UK)
- University of Southampton
- India-UK FTA (CETA):
- Aims to double bilateral trade to USD 120 billion by 2030.
- Provides market access, tariff reduction, and investment boost.
- Covers sectors: Pharma, Textiles, FinTech, Education, Legal Services, AI, Sustainability.
- Pending UK parliamentary ratification in 2026.
- The FTA is expected to strengthen bilateral economic ties, aligning with UK’s post-Brexit Indo-Pacific strategy and India’s global trade ambitions.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT
National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting and New Space India Limited Sign MoU to Set Up DBNet Stations under Mission Mausam
- The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with New Space India Limited (NSIL), the commercial arm of the Department of Space (DoS), at Prithvi Bhavan, New Delhi.
- The MoU aims to establish two Direct Broadcast Network (DBNet) stations—one in Delhi/NCR and the other in Chennai—under the Mission Mausam project to support Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and improve weather forecasting, cyclone monitoring, and climate research.
Key Facts:
- DBNet Function: Real-time acquisition of data from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for timely weather prediction.
- Satellites Covered: Indian and international Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, including Oceansat, NOAA, and MetOp.
- Timeliness: Data processed within 5 minutes of satellite overpass for fast integration into NWP models.
- Global Sharing: Data will be shared via World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Information System – 2.0 (WIS 2.0), enhancing international DBNet coverage.
- Benefits: Improved forecast accuracy, reduced data latency, support for disaster risk reduction, and contribution to global climate monitoring.
Department of Food and Public Distribution and Food Corporation of India Sign MoU for FY 2025–26 to Enhance Foodgrain Management
- The Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD) and Food Corporation of India (FCI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the Financial Year 2025–26 in New Delhi.
Key Highlights
- The MoU defines performance parameters and modernization goals aimed at improving efficiency, accountability, and transparency in foodgrain management.
- It aligns with the Government’s strategy of adopting system-based approaches and technology-driven solutions in subsidy operations.
- Key focus areas include:
- Reducing storage losses
- Optimizing warehousing capacity
- Enhancing logistics and supply chain efficiency
- Strengthening quality control measures
- Wider digitization of processes and deployment of modern IT solutions
- Capacity-building programmes for FCI employees
- Role of FCI: Established in 1965 under the Food Corporations Act, 1964, FCI manages procurement, storage, movement, and distribution of foodgrains as a public service agency financed through the food subsidy released by the Government.
- The MoU introduces measurable annual targets to ensure accountability and cost-effectiveness in managing public funds.
- The agreement reflects the Government’s broader goal of modernizing foodgrain management and building a transparent, efficient, and resilient food security system.
- Every rupee spent on food subsidy is expected to deliver optimum value, strengthening India’s food security infrastructure.
Ministry of Labour & Employment Signs Memorandum of Understanding with Zepto to Boost Youth Employment
- The Ministry of Labour & Employment signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Zepto in New Delhi to enhance employment opportunities and youth employability through the National Career Service (NCS) Portal.
- The MoU signing was attended by Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, Union Minister for Labour & Employment and Youth Affairs & Sports, and Ms. Vandana Gurnani, Secretary, Ministry of Labour & Employment.
- The partnership with Zepto will provide 10,000 job postings during the MoU period, creating structured urban employment opportunities for youth, women, and first-time job seekers.
Key Highlights
- Zepto will link its gig and full-time roles with the NCS portal, supporting formalization, upskilling, e-Shram registration, and social security coverage.
- The collaboration is expected to expand dignified, tech-driven employment opportunities, contributing to India’s economic growth.
- Previous Collaborations: Over the past year, the Ministry has signed MoUs with Amazon, Swiggy, Rapido, and Quikr Jobs, mobilizing nearly five lakh vacancies via the NCS portal.
- This initiative integrates platform economy roles into India’s formal employment ecosystem, enabling opportunities in gig, quick-commerce, and tech-driven sectors.
India–Australia Sign Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) on Organic Products
- India and Australia signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) for organic products at Vanijya Bhavan, New Delhi.
Key Highlights
- The agreement was signed in the presence of Shri Sunil Barthwal (Commerce Secretary, GoI), Shri Abhishek Dev (Chairman, APEDA – Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority), and Mr. Tom Black (First Assistant Secretary, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – DAFF, Australia).
- Implementing Agencies: APEDA (India) and DAFF (Australia).
- Products Covered:
- Unprocessed plant products (excluding seaweed, aquatic plants, greenhouse crops).
- Processed foods of plant origin with certified organic ingredients (including approved third-country sources, if processed in India/Australia).
- Wine.
- The MRA will simplify compliance requirements, ensure certification equivalence, reduce trade barriers, and open new opportunities for farmers and exporters.
- India’s organic exports to Australia in FY 2024–25:
- Value: USD 8.96 million
- Volume: 2,781.58 MT
- Major products: Psyllium husk, coconut milk, rice
- The MRA is a major milestone under the India–Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) and supports India’s vision of becoming the “Organic Food Basket of the World.”
RECENT NEWS
- In a major climate policy update, Australia has raised its national emissions reduction target to 62% by 2035, based on 2005 levels. The announcement, made by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, marks a substantial increase from the country’s previous commitment of a 43% cut by 2030.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS
Indian Navy to Commission Second ASW Shallow Water Craft ‘Androth’ at Visakhapatnam
- The Indian Navy will commission its second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) named Androth at Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam on 06 October 2025.
- The commissioning ceremony will be presided over by Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command.
- Androth is the second of sixteen ASW-SWC ships to be inducted into the Indian Navy.
- The ship has been built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Ltd., Kolkata, with over 80% indigenous components, showcasing Aatmanirbharta in defence production.
- The vessel was handed over to the Indian Navy on 13 September 2025 under the supervision of the Directorate of Ship Production and the Warship Overseeing Team, Kolkata.
- The name ‘Androth’ is derived from Androth Island in the Lakshadweep archipelago, symbolizing India’s commitment to protecting its maritime territories.
- The previous INS Androth (P69) served the Navy for over 27 years before being decommissioned.
Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan, Launches Inaugural Tri-Services Academia Technology Symposium in New Delhi
- Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan inaugurated the first Tri Services Academia Technology Symposium (T-SATS) on 22 September 2025 at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi.
- T-SATS is a first-of-its-kind initiative to bring together the Indian Armed Forces, academic institutions, and R&D organisations for indigenous defence technology development.
- The symposium theme was “Vivek va Anusandhan se Vijay” (Victory through Wisdom and Research).
- The purpose of T-SATS is to build a Defence-Academia innovation bridge, encourage academic research for military needs, and accelerate indigenisation of defence systems.
- 62+ academic institutions, including IISc, IITs, IIITs, and private universities, showcased innovative defence projects.
- A Technology Exhibition featured 43 academic exhibits, evaluated by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) of the three Services for future R&D collaboration and funding.
- MoUs were signed with institutions including IIT Madras, Rashtriya Raksha University, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Gujarat National Law University, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Ajeenkya DY Patil University, Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Nirma University, and NRDC.
- These MoUs aim to promote defence-focused research frameworks, technology transfer, and applied research aligned with Armed Forces needs.
- First CDS of India : General Bipin Rawat.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Russia to Finish Supplying S-400 Missile Systems to India by 2026
- India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five S-400 Triumf (Triumph) air defence systems, and deliveries will be completed in 2026.
- Four S-400 systems have already been delivered, and the fifth system will be delivered next year.
- The deal worth ₹40,000 crore was signed on October 5, 2018, despite the risk of US CAATSA sanctions.
- In March 2021, US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin warned India that the S-400 purchase could trigger CAATSA sanctions.
- The US has not yet imposed sanctions under CAATSA, since the deal is not fully completed.
- S-400 air defence missiles were successfully used in Operation Sindoor in May 2025, targeting terror infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK).
- During Operation Sindoor (May 7, 2025), India retaliated for the April 22 Pahalgam attack that killed 26 civilians.
- India and Pakistan agreed on May 10, 2025 to end the conflict after four days of drone and missile strikes.
About Russia :
- President : Vladimir Putin
- Prime minister: Mikhail Mishustin
- Capital: Moscow
- Currency: Russian Ruble
CURRENT AFFAIRS : ENVIRONMENT
BBNJ Treaty Secures 60 Ratifications, Set to Enter into Force on January 17, 2026
- The BBNJ Treaty (Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction) has reached 60 ratifications, ensuring entry into force on January 17, 2026.
- The treaty is developed under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
- Objective: Protect marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (high seas, >200 nautical miles from EEZ).
- Key Features include:
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): To conserve ecosystems, increase global MPA coverage (currently 6.35%), expand no-take zones (currently 1.89%).
- Marine Genetic Resources (MGR): Ensures equitable sharing of benefits from resources like microbial enzymes used in pharmaceuticals.
- Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA): Mandatory for deep-sea mining, carbon sequestration, and other high-seas activities.
- Clearing-House Mechanism & Financial Framework: Promotes transparency and equitable financial resource distribution.
- 143 countries have signed; 60 countries ratified including Sri Lanka, Morocco, Sierra Leone, St. Vincent & the Grenadines.
- India is among the signatories.
- The treaty is considered a landmark achievement in global ocean governance and will strengthen conservation of high-seas biodiversity.
Rare Red-necked Phalarope Spotted for the First Time at Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary
- Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus), a rare migratory bird, was sighted for the first time at Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary, Tirupur.
- The sighting was documented by Nature Society of Tirupur members and first reported by forest watcher Manikandan.
- This marks the 192nd bird species documented in Nanjarayan Sanctuary.
- Earlier rare sightings at the sanctuary include the Eurasian Wryneck (Nov 2023) and the Pied Avocet (Feb 2024).
- The Red-necked Phalarope breeds in the Arctic and spends winter in South Eastern countries.
- The bird is known for its distinctive red neck and unique spinning feeding technique to capture tiny planktonic invertebrates.
- It uses dense belly plumage for buoyancy while feeding on water
- The sighting is significant because this bird rarely makes inland stopovers, usually preferring coastal or wetland areas.
- The record highlights the ecological importance of Nanjarayan Sanctuary as a stopover site for migratory birds.
- The finding underlines the need for conservation of inland wetlands and supports birdwatching and awareness initiatives.
CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES
Renowned Kannada Author S.L. Bhyrappa Passed away
- S.L. Bhyrappa (1931–2025), Kannada writer and Saraswati Samman awardee, passed away at 94 in Bengaluru on 24 September 2025.
About S.L. Bhyrappa :
- S.L. Bhyrappa was born in Santheshivara, Hassan district (Karnataka) and pursued education in Hassan and Mysuru.
- His first novel Bheemakaya (1958) marked the start of a six-decade career as a novelist.
- He authored 25 novels, the last being Uttarakanda (2017), a retelling of Ramayana from women’s perspective. After this, he retired from writing.
- Bhyrappa’s novels are among the best-selling in Kannada literature, with multiple reprints and translations into Indian and European languages.
- His notable works include Parva (1979) – retelling of Mahabharata, Vamshavriksha (1965), and Gruhabhanga (1970), considered classics of Kannada literature.
- He received the Saraswati Samman (2010) for Mandra (2001) and was awarded the Padma Bhushan (2023).
- Several novels were adapted into films by B.V. Karanth, Girish Karnad, Girish Kasaravalli, and T.N. Seetharam, contributing to the parallel cinema movement.
- Gruhabhanga was also adapted into television by Girish Kasaravalli.
- His controversial novel Avarana (2007), which depicted Muslim rulers and religious conversions, stirred major debates.
- Known for pro-Hindutva views, Bhyrappa became an open supporter of PM Narendra Modi in later years.
CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS
World Contraception Day is observed on 26th September
- The World Contraception Day is observed on 26th September of every year.
- This day is observed to spread awareness about the available contraceptive methods. Contraception is a birth control method that is used to avoid unwanted pregnancies.
History
- The ten international family planning organizations observed World Contraception Day on 26 September 2007 in order to raise awareness about contraception.
- World Contraception Day is supported by 15 international NGOs, governmental organizations, and scientific and medical societies in order to spread the right knowledge about sexual and reproductive health.
- In 1994, During the International Conference on Population and Development, it was stated that the right of all couples and people to choose the number and spacing of their children independently and responsibility.
- This day focuses not only on women but also their parents, health care professionals, and other relevant persons who shall be informed about contraception as possible.
World Environmental Health Day is observed on the 26th of September
- World Environmental Health Day is observed on the 26th of September of every year.
- This day is observed in order to spread awareness about environmental health worldwide.
- 2025 theme: “Clean Air, Healthy People.”
History
- World Environmental Health Day was established by the International Federation of Environmental Health(IFEH) on 26th September 2011.
- This day was established by IFEH in order to increase awareness of different issues surrounding environmental health.
- The IFEH has been working for more than 32 years to improve the health issues which threaten human well-being.
- We must keep our environment clean and healthy in order to keep ourselves healthy.
Daily CA One- Liner: September 26
- The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, approved payment of Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB) of 78 days amounting to ₹1,865.68 crore to 10,91,146 railway employees
- The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved the doubling of the Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir–Tilaiya single railway line (104 km) in Bihar
- The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the construction of a 4-lane Sahebganj–Areraj–Bettiah section of National Highway (NH)-139W in Bihar on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM).
- The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research / Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR/CSIR) Scheme on “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development (CBHRD)” with an outlay of ₹2277.397 crore for the 15th Finance Commission cycle (2021-22 to 2025-26).
- Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Government of India will organise the 4th edition of World Food India (WFI) 2025 from 25–28 September 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
- Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Startup Conclave 2025 at Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
- Government of Karnataka launched the Local Economy Accelerator Programme (LEAP) with an outlay of ₹1,000 crore for 5 years
- The 71st National Film Awards (2023) were presented at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi by President Droupadi Murmu
- British Prime Minister Keir Starmer was awarded the ‘Living Bridge’ Honour for successfully concluding the India-UK Free Trade Agreement
- The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with New Space India Limited (NSIL), the commercial arm of the Department of Space (DoS), at Prithvi Bhavan, New Delhi
- The Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD) and Food Corporation of India (FCI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the Financial Year 2025–26 in New Delhi.
- The Ministry of Labour & Employment signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Zepto in New Delhi to enhance employment opportunities and youth employability through the National Career Service (NCS) Portal
- India and Australia signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) for organic products at Vanijya Bhavan, New Delhi
- The World Contraception Day is observed on 26th September of every year.
- World Environmental Health Day is observed on the 26th of September of every year.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has signed a renewed Statement of Commitment (SoC) to the FX Global Code on 24 September 2025.
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks to intensify efforts to return unclaimed deposits to rightful owners, nominees, or heirs during a focused period of October–December 2025 (3 Months).
- Jio Payments Bank Limited, a subsidiary of Jio Financial Services Limited, has launched an industry-first facility ‘Savings Pro’ to provide higher returns on surplus funds in savings accounts.
- China will launch the K Visa on October 1, 2025, aimed at attracting global STEM professionals and researchers.
- French President Emmanuel Macron announced in Paris that 26 countries pledged to provide security guarantees to Ukraine after the Russia war ends.
- Vandana Gupta has officially taken charge as the Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA) in New Delhi under the Ministry of Communications.
- The Indian Navy will commission its second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) named Androth at Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam on 06 October 2025.
- Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan inaugurated the first Tri Services Academia Technology Symposium (T-SATS) on 22 September 2025 at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi.
- India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five S-400 Triumf (Triumph) air defence systems, and deliveries will be completed in 2026.
- The BBNJ Treaty (Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction) has reached 60 ratifications, ensuring entry into force on January 17, 2026.
- Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus), a rare migratory bird, was sighted for the first time at Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary, Tirupur.
- S.L. Bhyrappa (1931–2025), Kannada writer and Saraswati Samman awardee, passed away at 94 in Bengaluru on 24 September 2025.
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