Important English Vocabulary from “The Economist”-(Day-15):
Dear Readers, to score good marks in English Section first and for most thing is you need to develop your reading skills, while reading a passage you need to highlight the tough words in it and you should know the correct meaning for those words. This will help you understand the passage clearly and also you can learn more new words, it means also you can develop your vocabulary. To help you in this part we have provided a passage along with meaning, synonyms and usages of hard words in the passage, make use of it.
How do you solve a problem like Korea? Investors are unsure
Will the talk of fire and fury just turn out to be foolish folderol?
EUROPEAN markets have started the day with losses of 1% or so, following a 2% decline in Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index and the 1% loss in the S&P 500 index on Thursday. The Vix, a much used measure of market fear, jumped to 16, its highest level since the presidential election.
These are significant moves by the standards of recent months but, to anyone who lived through 2008 (or 1987) they are hardly signs of outright panic. Gold is at $1,288 an ounce, up 2% or so over the week. The Japanese stockmarket was barely changed on Thursday, and Japan is right in the firing line of North Korea’s missiles. South Korea would suffer terribly in any war but the Seoul market was down just 1.7% today, and 3.2% on the week.
Clearly, the markets are more worried than they were on August 9th, when President Trump warned of “fire and fury” against Kim Jong-Un’s regime. Investors did not take too seriously the statement from the president, who is known for his intemperate (and often factually inaccurate) tweets. But the rhetoric has deteriorated since then, with North Korea threatening to fire missiles close to Guam, an American territory and naval base, and Mr Trump doubling down on his comments on Thursday.
War in Korea might lead to millions of deaths and would create an immense challenge to the relationship between America and China, North Korea’s only ally. Aside from the humanitarian cost, the potential disruption to the global economy would be large. So why are investors not showing even greater concern?
The most compelling argument as to why markets have become so indifferent to geopolitics is that, broadly speaking, this has proved to be a winning strategy since 2003.Simon Derrick at BNY Mellon sums up the attitude well:
Memories of the market impact of the Gulf War between August 1990 and February 1991 meant that when the invasion of Iraq began in March of 2003 investors spent a good deal of time considering possible outcomes. However, to a large degree, this proved a waste of time with the VIX falling steadily from the moment of the invasion onwards while US equity indices entered a bull market that would effectively last until the summer of 2007. In the event the only thing that appeared to matter was the fact that the FOMC was continuing to ease monetary policy.
Given the extraordinary levels of monetary policy easing by all major central banks seen since them and that no geopolitical event has led to an outcome that was perceived as being a direct threat to mainstream markets, it makes sense that investors collectively have learnt to ignore these risks. However, as last year proved, it takes just one or two events occurring that show the perceived wisdom to be wrong for a profound shift in investor behaviour to emerge.
Another argument is that the consequences of war, particularly if it goes nuclear, are so horrific that the world will have other things to worry about. Here is Rabobank:
We would suggest that the small size of the moves (on a historic basis) is reflective of the extreme difficulty the market faces in pricing in the ramifications of a nuclear confrontation.
In essence, the problem is this. President Trump’s comments about North Korea promised “fire and fury” if the country kept threatening America. Firing missiles close to Guam, which the North Koreans have promised to do, is a definite threat. So does that count as a casus belli? Missiles have fallen into the sea near Japan in the recent past without provoking war. Mr Trump might not want to back down from his rhetoric. On the other hand, he could be playing “bad cop” to the more measured “good cop” statements of Rex Tillerson, secretary of state, and General Mattis, secretary of defence—with the aim of forcing China to take more decisive action against Kim Jong Un. Then again, perhaps the difference in rhetoric reflects a lack of coordination within the Trump administration, something that has been seen on many issues.
President Trump has not followed through of many of his other promises, so most investors probably think this will be another example. And, for once, they will be relieved an American president did not keep his word.
Source: The Economist
1). Regime (Noun)
Definition: a government, especially an authoritarian one.
Synonyms: government, authorities, system of government, rule, reign
Usage: The military regime controls very carefully what is written.
2). Intemperate (Adj)
Definition: having or showing a lack of self-control; immoderate.
Synonyms: immoderate, excessive, undue, inordinate, unreasonable
Usage: Intemperate outbursts concerning global conspiracies.
3). Factually (Adverb)
Definition: with regard to what is actually the case; in relation to fact.
Usage: His assertion is factually incorrect.
4). Rhetoric (Noun)
Definition: the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques
Synonyms: oratory, eloquence, power of speech, command of language
Usage: He was considered to excel in this form of rhetoric.
5). Deteriorate (Verb) past tense: deteriorated; past participle: deteriorated
Definition: become progressively worse.
Synonyms: worsen, get worse, decline, be in decline, degenerate, decay
Usage: Relations between the countries had deteriorated sharply.
6). Immense (Noun)
Definition: extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.
Synonyms: huge, vast, massive, enormous, gigantic, colossal, cosmic
Usage: An immense brick church dominates the town.
7). Disruption (Noun)
Definition: disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process.
Synonyms: disturbance, disordering, disarrangement, disarranging
Usage: He was exasperated at this disruption of his plans.
8). Invasion (Noun)
Definition: an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force.
Synonyms: occupation, conquering, capture, seizure, annexation
Usage: The invasion of the islands took place in April.
9). Perceive (Verb) past tense: perceived; past participle: perceived
Definition: become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand.
Synonyms: discern, recognize, become cognizant of, become aware of
Usage: His mouth fell open as he perceived the truth.
10). Profound (Adj)
Definition: (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense.
Synonyms: heartfelt, intense, keen, great, very great, extreme
Usage: A sigh of profound relief.
11). Ramifications (Noun)
Definition: a complex or unwelcome consequence of an action or event.
Synonyms: consequence, result, aftermath, outcome, effect, upshot, issue
Usage: The political ramifications of shutting the factory would be immense.
12). Essence (Noun)
Definition: the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, which determines its character.
Synonyms: quintessence, soul, spirit, ethos, nature, life, lifeblood, core
Usage: Uncertainty is part of the very essence of economic activity.
13). Provoking (Adj)
Definition: giving rise to the specified reaction or emotion.
Usage: We can avoid provoking of fear at this critical suituation.
14). Decisive (Adj)
Definition: settling an issue; producing a definite result.
Synonyms: deciding, conclusive, determining, final, settling, key
Usage: Your qualifications are unlikely to be the decisive factor.
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